Knowledge Centre

A new Hertility Health study, the largest analysis of menstrual cycle awareness in UK women to date reveals widespread gaps in how women understand their own cycles, with significant implications for reproductive health, early diagnosis of PCOS and endometriosis, and clinical care. The menstrual cycle is increasingly recognised as a vital sign of overall health, a window into hormonal function that can signal everything from irregular ovulation to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Yet a major new Hertility Health study reveals that for a significant proportion of UK women, their own menstrual cycle length remains unknown to them. Published in the peer-reviewed journal Reproductive Health in February 2026, the research analysed self-reported data from 383,085 UK-based women aged 18–50 making it the largest UK cohort study of its kind to examine menstrual cycle self-awareness in adult women. The findings are clear, awareness is low, it often only develops in response to fertility goals, and the gap begins early in a woman’s reproductive life. What did the study find? The headline finding is striking: more than 1 in 5 UK women (22.2%) could not report their own menstrual cycle length. Among women under 25, that figure climbed to 1 in 3 (33.4%) a cohort already navigating contraception decisions, first reproductive health appointments, and the foundations of lifelong health behaviours. Awareness of period length, how many days a bleed typically lasts, was somewhat higher, but 9.5% of participants still could not report this, rising to 13.8% in those under 25. About the research Data were collected between September 2020 and January 2025 via Hertility’s online health assessment (OHA). All participants were UK-based, aged 18–50, and provided consent for their anonymised data to be used for research. When does menstrual cycle awareness improve and why? The data reveals a clear age-related pattern. Menstrual cycle awareness improved progressively through the 30s, likely driven by increased engagement with reproductive healthcare during fertility planning and pregnancy. Women who had previously been pregnant were more likely to know their cycle length (79.2%) than those who had never been pregnant (77.2%), and those actively trying to conceive showed the highest awareness of all at 82.5%. These findings highlight a broader pattern in how menstrual cycle self-awareness is acquired rather than being embedded as a routine component of health education, it often develops reactively, prompted by fertility planning, pregnancy, or symptom management. — ALI ET AL., REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, 2026 This reactive pattern has real consequences. It means a large proportion of women who are not actively trying to conceive may spend much of their reproductive lives without the knowledge needed to spot early warning signs of menstrual health conditions. Menstrual cycle awareness shouldn’t be a byproduct of fertility planning, it should be a baseline component of every woman’s health literacy from the outset. Awareness dipped slightly after age 45, consistent with the natural cycle variability of the perimenopausal transition,a phase of reproductive life that itself has received far too little research and public health education attention. Does ethnicity or contraception use affect menstrual cycle awareness? Differences in cycle length awareness across ethnic groups were statistically significant but small, approximately 1 in 5 women across all ethnicities reported uncertainty about their cycle length. However, the study found that Black participants showed slightly higher discordance between their perceived cycle regularity and their reported cycle lengths. The authors suggest this may reflect broader systemic barriers within healthcare settings,  where cycle irregularities may be more frequently minimised or normalised during consultations rather than individual knowledge gaps. This is consistent with wider evidence that women from minority ethnic backgrounds are more likely to report feeling dismissed when raising reproductive health concerns. Hormonal contraception users reported the highest levels of cycle length uncertainty (36.3%), compared with 16.7% of non-hormonal contraception users. This is largely explained by the fact that hormonal contraceptives suppress the natural menstrual cycle, meaning there is no endogenous cycle to observe, so this figure does not necessarily reflect a lack of menstrual health understanding. Why menstrual cycle awareness matters for your reproductive health Limited menstrual cycle awareness has consequences that extend far beyond not knowing a number. Delayed recognition of abnormal cycle patterns is a well-documented driver of extended diagnostic timelines for conditions including PCOS and endometriosis, where earlier diagnosis is directly associated with better quality of life outcomes. These challenges are compounded by existing barriers to help-seeking. The Women’s Health – Let’s talk about it’ survey shows that 77% of women feel uncomfortable discussing menstrual health with healthcare professionals, and four in five report feeling unheard when they do raise concerns. When individuals lack the foundational awareness to recognise that something might be worth mentioning, these barriers become even harder to overcome. One encouraging finding: women with a diagnosed reproductive health condition were less likely to be uncertain about their cycle length (21.2% vs. 26.2%). This suggests that clinical engagement and guided symptom monitoring may meaningfully improve menstrual self-awareness, reinforcing the value of involving women in actively tracking their own health data as part of their care pathway. What needs to change to improve menstrual cycle awareness in the UK? The study’s authors highlight the need for coordinated change across three areas. 1. School-based menstrual health education Despite menstrual health being included in the UK curriculum since 2019, delivery remains fragmented. Research shows only 63% of teachers deliver any lessons on the menstrual cycle, and where teaching does occur it typically focuses on biology rather than practical cycle interpretation. Over one fifth of girls in the UK first learn about menstruation only after their first period. Education needs to move beyond isolated biology lessons toward integrated, applied understanding,  teaching women not just what a cycle is, but how to read their own. 2. Clinical conversations beyond fertility Healthcare providers have a critical role. Integrating routine discussion of menstrual cycle health into clinical encounters, not only in fertility or gynaecology contexts, can normalise these conversations, improve patient confidence, and enable earlier identification of concerns. 3. Clinically accurate digital […]

New data reveals we may be moving backwards on endometriosis diagnosis and care. Here’s what the 2026 report shows—and why women are still being dismissed. The wait is over, but for millions, the wait continues. The 2026 Endometriosis UK Report has officially been released, and the findings are a sobering wake-up call for healthcare providers and policymakers alike. At a time when medical technology is advancing faster than ever, the reality of living with endometriosis in the UK is becoming increasingly difficult. Instead of closing the gap, the data shows we are drifting further away from timely care. Why This Report Matters Endometriosis UK’s 2026 State of Endometriosis Care in the UK report offers an invaluable look at the lived experience using the data from 3,075 respondents who had received a diagnosis of endometriosis from a healthcare practitioner in the UK since 2015. It provides one of the most comprehensive insights into diagnosis times, standards of care, and real-world patient outcomes ever recorded. As the UK’s leading charity for the condition, Endometriosis UK serves as the primary advocate for the “1 in 10.” They provide vital support services, reliable information, and a community for those suffering, while campaigning relentlessly for government policy changes and better NHS clinical standards. Their goal is simple but ambitious: to ensure that everyone with endometriosis has the right to a timely diagnosis and high-quality treatment. The Numbers: A Downward Spiral The most startling takeaway from the 2025-2026 data is the “Trend Line of Delay.” We are no longer just stagnant; we are moving in the wrong direction. The Diagnosis Gap The average time from the first GP visit to an endometriosis diagnosis in the UK overall has climbed to 9 years and 4 months. To put that in perspective: This isn’t just a statistic; it represents nearly a decade of someone’s life spent in limbo. For ethnically diverse communities, the situation is even more dire, with an average diagnosis time of 11 years – nearly two years longer than the national average. The Postcode Lottery Where you live in the UK significantly impacts how quickly you receive an endometriosis treatment plan. What Does Endometriosis Feel Like? Endometriosis is a chronic, often debilitating condition affecting 1 in 10 women (1.5 million in the UK and 176 million worldwide). It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows elsewhere. These endometrial-like lesions are most commonly found in the ovaries and fallopian tubes, but can also grow on the vagina, cervix, bowel, bladder, and other pelvic organs. Rarely, they may appear in other parts of the body. Common symptoms of endometriosis include: Chronic pelvic pain and severe menstrual cramps, heavy periods, deep pain during or after sex, pain when urinating or defecating and infertility. And secondary symptoms like bloating (often called “endo belly”), severe fatigue and mental health struggles (98% of patients report an impact on their mental wellbeing). It can also sometimes cause complications with fertility. It is frequently accompanied by adenomyosis, where this tissue grows into the muscular uterine wall. The 2026 report found that 32% of respondents had been diagnosed with both. Up to 40% of those with endometriosis are estimated to also have adenomyosis. If doctors only treat one, symptoms of endometriosis like pelvic pain and heavy periods often persist. The Culture of Dismissal ” GP told me pain was normal for women. I was told it was all in my head. I was told I was too young to have health problems. I was told it was psychosomatic and there was nothing there.” Perhaps the most heartbreaking stat is that 83% of patients were told by healthcare professionals that they were “making a fuss about nothing” or that their symptoms were “normal.” 50% went to A&E only to be sent home. 80% were put on the contraceptive pill before any investigation, effectively masking the signs of endometriosis and delaying surgical diagnosis. “I felt over the moon that I finally had a diagnosis so that teachers, family, and just anyone would actually take me seriously now.” For many, the dismissals were gendered or only corrected when a man was present: “Doctors only really took my pain seriously when I mentioned it having an impact on my male partner’s life… they only really listened when I started bringing him along to appointments.” The impact on living with endometriosis is not just physical; 98% say their mental health has suffered. One 21-year-old respondent shared: “My mental health was genuinely so bad, the only way out I thought was suicide… if my mum hadn’t paid privately, I don’t know if I’d have been able to live like this anymore.” The Gynaecology Waiting List: A Systemic Bottleneck Even if you clear the first hurdle of being taken seriously by a GP, the path to endometriosis treatment remains blocked by a massive, systemic backlog. For many, the “referral” is just the start of a new, years-long wait. “I was referred in April 2024 with a 67-week wait. By November 2025, I was still waiting, and the average wait had risen to 114 weeks.” — Patient Quote At the start of 2026, roughly 750,000 women are waiting for gynaecology care in England. Gynaecology has now become the largest specialty for those on waiting lists aged 18–64. The statistics are a stark reminder of the “secondary wait”: 32% of patients are waiting over a year after being referred to secondary care. 9% are waiting over two years after their referral. Despite the 10-Year Women’s Health Strategy, the reality on the ground hasn’t shifted. The NICE Guideline on Endometriosis (updated in 2024) and the Quality Standard (2018) were designed to ensure all healthcare practitioners suspect endometriosis immediately upon presentation. However, these standards have not been fully implemented in any UK nation. Without mandatory enforcement or a clear audit process, these guidelines remain “suggestions” rather than the rule. This lack of accountability is a primary driver of the worsening 9-year diagnosis time. This means that even with a supportive GP, […]

Why Women’s Health Awareness Days & Support is Your Top 2026 DEI and Retention Strategy Over the last five years in the UK alone, 1 in 5 employees undergoing fertility treatment left their jobs due to insufficient support from their employers. (Gender Health Gap Report, 2024) 53% of women have taken time off due to menopause symptoms, and over 1 million women per year leave their jobs due to menopause-related struggles and workplace inaccessibility. (Gender Health Gap Report, 2024) 84% of employees would consider staying at a job longer if they had more comprehensive mental and physical wellbeing offerings (Source: Reward Gateway). 42% of women feel uncomfortable discussing health issues with their managers (Source: Benenden Health). These are just a couple of the stats that highlight the growing importance of workplace reproductive health benefits as an integral part of employee wellbeing.  As the adage goes, knowledge is power and one of the best places to start is ensuring your employees have ample access to educational resources surrounding their reproductive health.  Awareness days offer purposeful opportunities to provide employees with education and celebration over a range of important issues. This can in turn foster your organisation’s culture whilst making your employees feel seen and supported.  As you plan for 2026, consider building key female reproductive–health awareness days into your internal events calendar. These are just a few standout moments you can bring into your organisation — and for a full, comprehensive list, you can download our complete 2026 calendar here. 2026 Calendar of Reproductive Health Awareness Days 1. International Women’s Day When: March 8th 2026 What: A globally recognised campaign that celebrates women’s achievements social, economic and political achievements whilst raising awareness for gender equality.  2. National Endometriosis Action Month When: March 2026 What: A globally recognised month of action for the 1 in 10 people assigned female at birth who suffer from the reproductive health condition endometriosis.  3. National Infertility Awareness Week  When: April 19th – 25th 2026 What: A UK-focused awareness week highlighting the challenges, mental and physical, faced by those struggling with infertility. 4. Black Maternal Health Week When: April 11th – 17th 2026 What: A globally recognised week to amplify Black female voices and raise awareness for the historically higher maternal mortality rates in Black women.  5. Maternal Mental Health Awareness Week When: 4th – 10th May 2026 What: A global weeklong campaign dedicated to awareness around mental health struggles before, during and after pregnancy.  6. National Women’s Health Week When: May 10th – 14th 2026 What: A UK-focused weeklong campaign encouraging women and girls to make their health, physical and social wellbeing a priority. 7. Fibroids Awareness Month When: July 2026 What: A globally recognised month to raise awareness about uterine fibroids that affect around 2 in 3 women.   8. Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month  When: September 2026 What: A globally recognised month to support those who’ve been diagnosed with or indirectly affected by ovarian cancer.  9. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Month When: September 2026 What: A globally recognised month of action for the 1 in 10 people assigned female at birth who suffer from the reproductive health condition PCOS.  10. Menopause Awareness Month When: October 2026 What: A globally recognised awareness month focused on breaking the stigma surrounding menopause, including World Menopause Day on the 18th of October. 11. Baby Loss Awareness Week When: October 9th – 15th 2026 What: A UK-focused week-long event dedicated to supporting those who have suffered pregnancy or infant loss.  12. National Fertility Awareness Week When: 1st – 7th November 2026 What: A UK-focused weeklong campaign initiated to raise awareness about fertility issues, treatments and reproductive health education.  What next? Why not download our full 2026 Hormone & Reproductive Health Awareness Calendar – designed specifically for HR, Benefit, and Reward Leaders who need actionable ideas and high-quality, trusted content. This resource is not just a list of dates, it’s your year-round plan to drive conversion from awareness into loyalty. Access:  Download the full 2026 calendar now to access your action plan and immediately boost your employee engagement and retention strategy. By incorporating key awareness days and campaigns, such as International Women’s Day, National Endometriosis Action Month, and Menopause Awareness Month, employers can provide educational resources and celebrate the diverse aspects of female reproductive health. This not only promotes a sense of acknowledgement and support for employees but also contributes to a workplace environment that values the holistic well-being of its people.  If you’d like to take proactive steps in this direction, get in touch – benefits@hertilityhealth.com. 

In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a highly effective fertility treatment option for some, but it’s important to be fully informed about the process and what a cycle entails. IVF doesn’t guarantee a successful pregnancy, but it is one of the most common fertility treatments in the UK. Whether IVF is right for you depends on a range of personal and medical factors. We’re here to give you the clinical facts so you can make empowered choices about your care. Whether you’re just curious about the IVF process, or actively looking for a fertility clinic, we’re here to help. No waiting lists | Trusted clinics | No GP referral required Quick facts: What is IVF? In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a fertility treatment for those who can’t or don’t wish to conceive naturally. It’s one of the most common fertility treatments in the UK, with as many as 50,000 people undergoing IVF in the UK each year.  IVF involves removing eggs from the ovaries, attempting to fertilise them with sperm in a lab (the “in-vitro” part), and then transplanting any successfully fertilised eggs (embryos) into the uterus. This is called an IVF cycle. It’s an invasive procedure and doesn’t guarantee a successful pregnancy.  Whether or not it’s right for you will depend on a range of personal and medical factors, as well as carefully considering the IVF cycle process. Fresh Cycle vs. Frozen Cycle An IVF cycle can be fresh or frozen: Who is IVF for? IVF benefits a diverse range of people and couples. It may be explored if: The IVF Cycle Process There are four key stages involved in an IVF cycle – ovulation stimulation, egg retrieval, egg fertilisation and embryo transfer. The entire process may take between 4 to 6 weeks but will vary and depend on you. 1. Ovulation stimulation To maximise the chances of success, you’ll take a course of fertility medication to stimulate your ovaries to mature multiple eggs in one cycle (as opposed to the one egg usually released naturally). During this period (generally around 10 days), you’ll need regular clinic visits for ultrasounds and blood tests to monitor the progress and growth of the follicles. 2. Egg retrieval and sperm collection Once your eggs are mature, you will undergo the egg retrieval procedure. 3. Egg Fertilisation In the lab, your eggs and sperm are combined to form embryos. There are two main techniques: 4. Embryo Transfer Any successful embryos will be incubated for 2-5 days. The embryo must successfully implant into your uterus to result in a pregnancy. You will be given a pregnancy test approximately two weeks later. Clinicians typically choose one embryo to transfer to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies. The choice is based on several criteria, including morphological grading and the embryo’s division speed. Some clinics use preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) to analyse the number of chromosomes in the embryo before transfer. If you have known genetic conditions that run in your family, they may use preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) or monogenic conditions (PGT-M).  How to Prepare for IVF Preparing your body and mind for an IVF cycle can help boost your success rates and manage the process effectively. Pre-Treatment Testing Before starting a cycle, you need to understand your ovarian and general reproductive function. 💡 Take the right steps today Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to gain essential insights into your ovarian reserve and overall reproductive health before starting your IVF journey. Lifestyle Management Making positive changes to your health can significantly increase your chances of a successful pregnancy: Risks, Effectiveness, and NHS Eligibility How Effective is IVF? IVF is an effective treatment, but success rates are heavily dependent on your age, medical history, and the quality of your eggs and sperm. Are There Any Risks? As with any medical procedure, there are risks associated with IVF: Can You Get IVF on the NHS? The NHS provides full funding for IVF in certain instances, but eligibility depends heavily on where you live, as different NHS trusts have varying requirements and funding availability (HFEA, 2024). You may be eligible if: If you are not eligible for NHS funding, many reputable private clinics offer IVF treatments. The cost for one private cycle is typically around £5,000, plus medication and extra procedures. Why Hertility? By choosing to do your pre-treatment testing and clinic referral with Hertility, you’re not only choosing expert care – you’re choosing a team that holds your health and wellbeing at the heart of everything we do. We’ve designed our packages to give you all of the clinical information you need to decide if an egg freezing cycle is right for you—without the stress, or the waiting lists. Smooth referral process Immediate referrals with all your test results sent straight to your chosen clinic. Immediate appointments Get access to weekly appointments for every step in your journey. Trusted clinics We work with HFEA accredited clinics with leading experts and egg freezing specialists. Thinking of going through IVF?  💡 Take the right steps today Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to gain essential insights into your ovarian reserve and overall reproductive health before starting your IVF journey. References 

Can GLP-1s like Ozempic or Mounjaro help with PCOS? Our experts explain how they work, safety rules before pregnancy, and what to know about long-term use. Thank you to everyone who joined our recent webinar, “GLP-1 RAs: The PCOS Game Changer?”with Dr. Helen O’Neill and Dr. Paul Hardiman. The overwhelming response (over 600 attendees) confirmed the critical need for transparent, evidence-based information regarding these new therapies and their role in managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. We know the session generated significant interest and, crucially, many complex questions about everything from long-term safety and fertility planning to navigating the NHS and finding effective alternatives. This document serves as our expert-synthesised FAQ, acting as a crucial next step in your journey. It consolidates the questions we received into a concise, actionable resource. This FAQ will help you understand: By providing these clinically-vetted answers, we aim to empower you to have confident, informed conversations with your own healthcare providers, ensuring your PCOS management pathway is truly personalised and effective. Understanding PCOS and How GLP-1 Medications Fit In What does an irregular period mean in PCOS? According to the 2023 International Evidence-Based Guidelines (Teede et al., 2023), for women 3 years post-menarche up to the perimenopause stage, irregular menstrual cycles are defined as: OR Does everyone with PCOS have insulin resistance, even if my test results (such as glucose) have always been negative? No, not everyone with PCOS has insulin resistance (IR), but it is a critical part of the syndrome’s pathogenesis, documented in approximately 75% of women with PCOS (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).It is important to know that in the early stages of IR, standard tests like fasting glucose or HbA1c may appear normal because the pancreas is compensating by overproducing insulin (hyperinsulinemia). Therefore, monitoring glucose levels alone will not reliably detect the onset of IR. If my BMI is within the normal range (lean PCOS), would GLP-1 RAs still help with my symptoms (like skin, mood, or central adiposity)? Yes, GLP-1 RAs primarily target insulin sensitivity, which is thought to be a core driver of the syndrome, not just weight loss. Preclinical studies indicate that GLP-1 RAs can directly improve reproductive endocrinopathy by reversing high Luteinising Hormone (LH) levels and reducing serum testosterone and the Free Androgen Index (FAI) (Bednarz et al., 2022). These hormonal improvements offer a potential treatment strategy to manage hyperandrogenism-related symptoms regardless of BMI. What are the non-pill treatment options for managing acne and irregular periods in women with lean PCOS? For women with a normal BMI who wish to avoid the contraceptive pill, management focuses on lifestyle and targeted therapies: Ensure you consult a doctor or sexual health specialist before taking any supplements, vitamins or starting new treatments.  . At Hertility, we provide diagnostic testing with clinical grade results into your hormonal health. Get actionable insights into your reproductive health and egg count, and screen for up to 18 conditions such as PCOS. Receive in-depth insights, a comprehensive Doctor-written report, a clinically recommended Care Plan, and a complimentary Clinical Result Review Call. My GP is reluctant to diagnose or treat me for PCOS; what steps can I take to get appropriate care? PCOS diagnosis in the UK is guided by International Evidence-based Guidelines, typically using the Rotterdam Criteria (2 out of 3 features: irregular periods, hyperandrogenism, or polycystic ovarian morphology) (NICE, 2025; Teede et al., 2023). If you are struggling to get a diagnosis, ensure you have documented evidence of your symptoms (irregular periods, clinical signs like acne or hirsutism, and any relevant blood test or ultrasound reports). The Hertility Advanced Hormone & Fertility Test is a diagnostic test with clinical grade results into your hormonal health. Get actionable insights into your reproductive health and egg count, and screen for up to 18 conditions such as PCOS. Receive in-depth insights, a comprehensive Doctor-written report, a clinically recommended Care Plan, and a complimentary Clinical Result Review Call. We also provide fast referrals to leading UK private fertility clinics and treatment centres for comprehensive onward care. GLP-1 for PCOS: Safety, Effectiveness and Long-Term Use If I achieve my weight and symptom goals on a GLP-1 RA, will I regain the weight and symptoms if I stop taking it? Is this medication necessary long-term? GLP-1 RAs should generally be viewed as a long-term management strategy for a chronic metabolic condition. Clinical data does indicate a considerable likelihood of weight regain upon cessation, with weight often returning toward the pre-treatment baseline within about a year (Budini et al., 2025). However, the outlook is not universally negative; some evidence suggests that more than half of patients are able to maintain the achieved weight loss one year after discontinuing the medication (Szczesnowicz et al., 2023). Are there any known long-term health risks associated with taking GLP-1 RAs? While GLP-1 RAs are generally well-tolerated, rare but serious adverse events can occur, including acute pancreatitis and gallbladder issues (Szczesnowicz et al., 2023). Furthermore, long-term safety, particularly regarding combination therapy (e.g. with Metformin) in women with PCOS is an area that requires further research. It is crucial to obtain these prescriptions only from a doctor and fill them at a pharmacy, as unapproved or compounded versions have not been reviewed for safety or quality. If hair loss or fatigue occurs while taking a GLP-1 RA, what steps or supplements can help manage these side effects? Hair thinning or increased shedding (telogen effluvium) reported while on GLP-1 RAs is typically considered temporary and is usually attributed to the physiological stress of rapid weight loss or significant dietary changes, rather than the drug itself (Healthline, 2025). Management involves consulting your healthcare provider to assess your overall health and ensuring adequate nutritional intake, as inadequate consumption of key vitamins and minerals can impede the hair growth cycle. Vitamin D, iron and zinc are common deficiencies that can cause hair loss, but ensure you contact your doctor before taking any vitamins or supplements.  Through targeted dietary and lifestyle advice, Hertility works alongside you to help manage your symptoms of PCOS or help you […]

We’re all sold the ideal of flawless skin and perfect hair, but sometimes the cause of persistent breakouts or unexplained thinning is more than skin deep. Your complexion and scalp are often the first, most visible external indicators of your internal hormone balance. When hormones that regulate your sebaceous glands and hair follicles shift out of their optimal range, the results – from cystic acne to a widening hair parting – can be frustratingly visible. Quick Facts: Hormonal acne and hair thinning are primarily caused by fluctuations or imbalances in androgen hormones (like testosterone) and thyroid hormones. Oestradiol supports skin health and increases a key protein that controls active androgen levels. These symptoms are common in conditions like PCOS and during hormonal transitions like perimenopause. Find out what your hormones are telling you 💡  Don’t guess what’s causing your skin and hair changes. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to uncover the root causes and get a personalised care plan. TAKE THE TEST → What are Hormonal Skin and Hair Changes? These symptoms are related to the pilosebaceous unit – the complex structure comprising the hair follicle and the sebaceous (oil) gland. Hormonal Acne: Breakouts related to hormonal imbalance or fluctuation, typically found on the lower face, cheeks, jawline, chest, neck, and back. Hormonal Hair Changes: This includes both hair thinning or loss on the scalp (androgenic alopecia) and excessive dark, thick hair growth on the face or body (hirsutism). The Hormonal Culprits Behind Your Skin and Hair Your sebaceous glands and hair follicles have receptors for several key hormones. Imbalances in these messengers directly influence how much oil is produced and how the hair growth cycle progresses. 1. Androgens: The Oil and Hair Drivers Androgens, such as testosterone and DHEAS, are the most significant modulators of your skin and hair health. Acne and Oily Skin: When your body produces excess androgens, there is more of the hormone binding to the sebaceous gland receptors. This stimulates excessive oil (sebum) production, resulting in oily skin hormones and clogged pores, which can cause inflammatory, cystic acne. Hirsutism: High androgen levels convert fine hair into thick, dark hair in androgen-sensitive areas (face, chest, back). Hair Thinning: Conversely, in scalp follicles, testosterone can be converted into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which causes hair follicles to shrink, shorten the growth phase, and ultimately lead to hair thinning and female pattern hair loss (Glaser et al., 2012). A key marker for assessing true androgen activity is sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). SHBG is a protein that binds to and deactivates sex hormones. If your SHBG levels are low, more testosterone is left “free” and biologically active in your system, intensifying its impact on your skin and hair, even if your total testosterone level is within range. Clinical Link: High androgens, measured as testosterone or DHEA-S, are a defining feature of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) symptoms (Teede et al., 2018). This is why people with PCOS are significantly more likely to experience persistent hormonal acne and hair issues. 2. Thyroid Hormones: The Metabolic Regulators The thyroid gland acts as the body’s metabolic regulator, and its hormones (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine) are essential for the natural cycle of the hair follicle (Schmidt et al., 1991). Hypothyroidism (underactive): When the thyroid is underactive (often seen with high TSH and low FT4), cell regeneration slows down. This commonly results in diffuse hair thinning across the entire scalp, hair that is dry and brittle, and dry, scaly skin. Hyperthyroidism (overactive): An overactive thyroid accelerates the hair cycle, causing hair to shed prematurely. This can also lead to noticeable thinning and frequently causes the skin to be warm and moist. Hair and skin changes can be some of the first signs of underlying thyroid dysfunction and require testing to confirm if the condition is metabolic or hormonal in origin. 3. Oestradiol, LH, FSH, and Prolactin: The Modulators These hormones work together to modulate androgen activity and support tissue health: Oestradiol (Oestrogen): Oestradiol supports the anagen (growth) phase of hair and promotes healthy skin by increasing collagen production, hydration, and wound healing. Critically, high oestradiol levels increase the production of SHBG in the liver, lowering the amount of active, acne-causing free testosterone. Conversely, low oestrogen (e.g. in perimenopause) can cause skin thinning, dryness, and sometimes acne. LH and FSH: As the pituitary signals that regulate the ovaries, an altered LH:FSH ratio combined with other markers (like high AMH and testosterone) helps diagnose conditions like PCOS, which are the source of most severe hormonal skin and hair symptoms. Prolactin: Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) can sometimes signal hormonal disruption that indirectly affects the balance of sex hormones, potentially contributing to symptoms like hirsutism (Tirgar-Tabari et al., 2016). When to Get Tested If you are treating your skin and hair symptoms with topical creams or cosmetics and seeing minimal, temporary, or no improvement, it’s a strong indication that the issue is systemic and hormonal. Consider testing your hormones if your symptoms include: Acne that is cystic, deep, or confined to the lower face and jawline. Noticeable, persistent thinning of the scalp hair, especially if your part line is widening. The new or increased growth of coarse body or facial hair (hirsutism). Skin or hair changes coupled with other systemic symptoms, such as irregular periods, chronic fatigue, or unexplained weight changes. What Your Personalised Results Can Tell You Hertility’s panel of personalised hormones provides the essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause. This panel is tailored to your symptoms and what you are looking to achieve from your test. Pinpoint Androgen Activity: Your personalised results will clarify if the issue is high total androgens, high free testosterone (due to low SHBG), or high adrenal output (DHEAS), which directs the most effective therapeutic strategy (e.g. lifestyle, targeted supplements, or medication). Uncover Thyroid Issues: We can rule out or suggest thyroid dysfunction by measuring TSH and free T4, ensuring hair loss isn’t misdiagnosed as purely androgenic. Identify Underlying Conditions: The results provide the crucial diagnostic […]

Uterine fibroids are benign, non-cancerous growths that develop in and around the uterus. They are incredibly common, with approximately two in three women developing a fibroid at some point in their lifetime. While many fibroids cause no issues, they are a major cause of debilitating heavy periods and pelvic pain. Understanding what drives their growth – primarily the female sex hormones – is the key to diagnosis and effective symptom management. This article outlines everything you need to know about Fibroid. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms and step towards a quicker diagnosis.  Quick Facts: What are Fibroids and Where Do They Grow? Fibroids can vary dramatically in size, from as small as a pea to as large as a melon, and you may have one or multiple growths. Their classification depends on their location within the uterine wall: Most people who develop fibroids are completely asymptomatic. However, about one in three will experience noticeable symptoms that impact their quality of life. The Main Symptoms of Fibroids The most common symptoms are related to the fibroid interfering with the uterus’s function or simply taking up space: 💡 Think you have one or more of these symptoms? Don’t ignore them!  Heavy periods can lead to anaemia and severe fatigue. If you are regularly soaking through a period product every 1–2 hours, it’s time to investigate the cause. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate your symptoms and the underlying hormonal factors. Hormonal Causes and Risk Factors The exact trigger for fibroid development is unknown, but they are highly sensitive to reproductive hormones, making it clear that they are a hormonally driven condition. Oestrogen and Progesterone Dependence Fibroids are known to grow in response to both oestrogen and progesterone throughout the reproductive years. The crucial link here is that the growth of fibroids is directly related to the hormonal environment of your body. Risk Factors and Ethnicity Certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing fibroids: Diagnosis and Management If you are suffering from heavy or painful periods, or any of the above symptoms, it is essential to seek medical advice. Diagnosis A definitive diagnosis relies on two steps: Hormone Testing’s Role Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. Treatment Options Treatment depends entirely on the size, location, and severity of your symptoms, as well as your family-forming goals (NHS, 2022). If you are struggling with your symptoms, you deserve a personalised care plan that explores all available options. 💡 Find out what your hormones are telling you Don’t suffer through heavy or painful periods. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the underlying hormonal factors and screen for complications like anaemia. References

Endometriosis is a chronic reproductive health condition that affects an estimated 1 in 10 women in the UK. It’s characterised by painful, heavy periods and a host of other debilitating symptoms that severely impact quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, many people live with endometriosis and diagnosis times are on average over 8 years. This delay is frequently due to a lack of awareness and the dismissal of women’s pain. Understanding the true nature of this condition is the first crucial step towards getting the expert care you deserve. This article outlines everything you need to know about Endometriosis. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms and step towards a quicker diagnosis.  What is Endometriosis? Endometriosis occurs when cells similar to those lining the uterus (endometrium) grow in other parts of the body, outside of the uterus (Endometriosis UK, 2024). These endometrial-like lesions are most commonly found in the ovaries and fallopian tubes, but can also grow on the vagina, cervix, bowel, bladder, and other pelvic organs. Rarely, they may appear in other parts of the body. Just like the lining of the uterus, these ectopic cells build up and eventually shed in response to your hormones. But unlike a period, this blood and tissue has nowhere to go. This internal bleeding leads to inflammation, crippling pain, and a build-up of scar tissue and adhesions (tissue that can bind organs together). Endometriosis can affect women of any age. The Main Symptoms of Endometriosis Endometriosis is a systemic, whole-body disease. Not everyone will experience all symptoms, and the severity of pain doesn’t necessarily correlate with the stage of the disease. Pain and Menstruation Intense period and pelvic pain are often reported to be the most debilitating symptoms. This pain is frequently described as ‘a razor blade pain’. Heavy Bleeding Another common symptom is heavy periods (menorrhagia). Heavy periods are clinically defined as: Monthly heavy bleeding can lead to anaemia (iron deficiency), which results in secondary symptoms such as chronic fatigue, hair thinning, and constantly feeling cold. Bowel, Bladder, and Other Symptoms Endometrial lesions can cause symptoms that mimic other common conditions: 💡 Suspect endometriosis is the cause of your pain? Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the link between your cycle and inflammatory conditions like endometriosis. Endometriosis and Hormones: The Oestrogen Link Endometriosis is fundamentally an oestrogen-dependent condition. This is the main hormonal driver for the initiation, growth, and maintenance of the lesions. Getting to a Diagnosis Diagnosing endometriosis is challenging, as the symptoms overlap with many other conditions (NHS, 2024). A definitive diagnosis typically requires surgery (laparoscopic keyhole surgery). However, hormonal and blood marker testing can be a vital first step on the road to a specialist referral and diagnosis. Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. If you are experiencing any of the debilitating symptoms listed,you don’t have to suffer in silence. It’s important to seek expert medical advice to clarify the cause. 💡 Take the first step toward getting answers Our team of specialists, including Private Gynaecologists, can offer you a tailored care plan to manage your endometriosis symptoms and explore treatment options. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test today. References

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal and metabolic conditions, estimated to affect 1 in 10 women in the UK. Despite how common it is, the journey to a diagnosis can be challenging; research shows it can take, on average, two years and multiple doctor visits to get a confirmed diagnosis. PCOS is characterised by an imbalance of sex hormones, which can cause a host of symptoms – from irregular cycles and challenging skin issues to difficulty managing weight and long-term health risks. It’s a systemic condition, but with the right diagnosis and personalised management plan, its impact on your health and wellbeing can be controlled. This article outlines everything you need to know about PCOS. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms and step towards a quicker diagnosis.  What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? PCOS is a complex condition characterised by three main features, of which you need to be experiencing at least two to receive a diagnosis (known as the Rotterdam criteria) (Teede et al., 2018): It’s important to remember that ‘polycystic ovaries’ do not mean true cysts; they are actually immature follicles that haven’t developed correctly due to hormonal imbalances. 💡 Think you may have PCOS?  Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to screen for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and uncover the specific hormonal imbalances driving your symptoms. Common Symptoms PCOS manifests differently in everyone, but the most common symptoms are driven by elevated levels of androgen hormones (like testosterone) and metabolic dysfunction. Cycle-Related Symptoms (Irregular Ovulation) PCOS often prevents the ovaries from regularly releasing an egg (a process called anovulation). This hormonal disruption leads to: Skin and Hair-Related Symptoms (Hyperandrogenism) These visible symptoms are direct consequences of high androgen activity in the skin and hair follicles: Metabolic and Weight Symptoms PCOS affects your metabolism, which can lead to weight issues: Mental Health and Fertility Living with the physical symptoms and systemic nature of PCOS can take a toll: Hormonal Causes and Diagnosis The symptoms of PCOS are primarily driven by two key hormonal issues: high androgens and insulin resistance. High Androgens: The Core Driver People with PCOS often have higher-than-normal levels of androgens, such as testosterone. This hormonal elevation, known as hyperandrogenism, is the direct cause of the skin, hair, and cycle issues. High androgen levels disrupt the delicate balance of hormones like LH and FSH, preventing follicles from maturing properly and causing a build-up of immature follicles in the ovaries – the ‘polycystic’ appearance seen on scans. Insulin Resistance: The Metabolic Link Many people with PCOS experience insulin resistance, meaning their body doesn’t respond properly to the hormone insulin. To compensate, the body produces excess insulin. These high levels then have a crucial negative effect on the ovaries: This interconnected hormonal loop is what drives the severity of PCOS symptoms. PCOS and Ethnicity PCOS affects people of all ethnic backgrounds, but research shows that those from ethnic minority communities, especially those who are Black or South Asian, are at a higher risk.  Interestingly, the symptoms can differ depending on your ethnicity (VanHise et al., 2023): women of South Asian and Middle Eastern descent are often more likely to experience excessive body and facial hair, while women of East Asian descent are more likely to experience irregular periods. Managing PCOS with Hertility There is no cure for PCOS, so management is focused on controlling symptoms and mitigating long-term health risks such as Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. The first step is always diagnosis and a personalised plan, often involving a multidisciplinary team. When to Get Tested If you suspect you have PCOS based on a history of irregular periods, signs of hyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism), and difficulty managing weight, testing is vital. Early diagnosis allows for a proactive approach to long-term health. Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. Managing Your Condition Effective management is often achieved through a combination of lifestyle changes and targeted medical support (NHS, 2022): If you are struggling with a recent diagnosis or symptoms, you don’t need to suffer in silence. 💡 Take control of your hormones today Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to screen for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and uncover the specific hormonal imbalances driving your symptoms. References

Premenstrual symptoms are incredibly common, but the line between feeling a bit irritable and experiencing debilitating mental health distress is critical. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its severe counterpart, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), both occur during the luteal phase of your cycle. They are not psychological flaws; they are the result of a profound biological sensitivity to your cycling hormones. This article outlines the difference between PMS and PMDD. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms. If you need urgent help for your mental health, you can contact the Samaritans 24/7 helpline (116 123), or access Mind’s crisis resources. Quick facts: What is PMS and PMDD? Both PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions linked entirely to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the time between ovulation and your period. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) PMS is a cluster of physical and mental symptoms experienced in the week or two leading up to your period (NHS, 2024). It is super common, with up to 90% of women and people who menstruate experiencing it at some point. Common PMS symptoms include: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) PMDD is a severe, chronic form of premenstrual distress that has a significant impact on daily function, relationships, and work (NHS, 2024). Symptoms tend to be far more exaggerated, with emotional symptoms dominating the presentation, and they generally resolve entirely once the period begins. PMDD symptoms often include: The Hormonal Cause: A Sensitivity Disorder The exact cause of PMDD is not a hormonal deficiency or excess in the traditional sense, but a genetic and biological vulnerability to the normal hormonal changes that occur after ovulation. This makes it a disorder of sensitivity. Other Contributing Hormones While the oestrogen/progesterone axis is key, other hormones can modulate severity or flag underlying conditions: Possible Contributing Factors: Genetic variations (particularly on the oestrogen receptor alpha gene), trauma, stress, and smoking are also linked to increased sensitivity or worsening PMDD symptoms. Getting to the Root Cause If you suspect you are suffering from severe PMS or PMDD, the first step is always to speak to a professional. However, gaining hormonal clarity can be vital for diagnosis and treatment planning. 💡 Is your cycle secretly impacting your mood? Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the underlying hormonal patterns contributing to your mood shifts, including free oestradiol and androgen activity. Treatment Pathways The primary goal of treating PMDD is to dampen the body’s adverse reaction to the cyclical hormonal changes. What Your Personalised Results Can Tell You Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. 💡 Find clarity on your mental health If your emotional symptoms are severe and regularly affecting your wellbeing, don’t suffer in silence. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to gain clarity and take control of your health. References  Thys-Jacobs, S, McMahon, D, Bilezikian, JP. (2008). Differences in Free Estradiol and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Women with and without Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 93(1):96–102, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1726