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Premenstrual symptoms are incredibly common, but the line between feeling a bit irritable and experiencing debilitating mental health distress is critical. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its severe counterpart, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), both occur during the luteal phase of your cycle. They are not psychological flaws; they are the result of a profound biological sensitivity to your cycling hormones. This article outlines the difference between PMS and PMDD. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms. If you need urgent help for your mental health, you can contact the Samaritans 24/7 helpline (116 123), or access Mind’s crisis resources (https://www.mind.org.uk/need-urgent-help/using-this-tool/). Quick facts: What is PMS and PMDD? Both PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions linked entirely to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the time between ovulation and your period. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) PMS is a cluster of physical and mental symptoms experienced in the week or two leading up to your period (NHS, 2024). It is super common, with up to 90% of women and people who menstruate experiencing it at some point. Common PMS symptoms include: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) PMDD is a severe, chronic form of premenstrual distress that has a significant impact on daily function, relationships, and work (NHS, 2024). Symptoms tend to be far more exaggerated, with emotional symptoms dominating the presentation, and they generally resolve entirely once the period begins. PMDD symptoms often include: The Hormonal Cause: A Sensitivity Disorder The exact cause of PMDD is not a hormonal deficiency or excess in the traditional sense, but a genetic and biological vulnerability to the normal hormonal changes that occur after ovulation. This makes it a disorder of sensitivity. Other Contributing Hormones While the oestrogen/progesterone axis is key, other hormones can modulate severity or flag underlying conditions: Possible Contributing Factors: Genetic variations (particularly on the oestrogen receptor alpha gene), trauma, stress, and smoking are also linked to increased sensitivity or worsening PMDD symptoms. Getting to the Root Cause If you suspect you are suffering from severe PMS or PMDD, the first step is always to speak to a professional. However, gaining hormonal clarity can be vital for diagnosis and treatment planning. 💡 Is your cycle secretly impacting your mood? Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the underlying hormonal patterns contributing to your mood shifts, including free oestradiol and androgen activity. Treatment Pathways The primary goal of treating PMDD is to dampen the body’s adverse reaction to the cyclical hormonal changes. What Your Personalised Results Can Tell You Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. 💡 Find clarity on your mental health If your emotional symptoms are severe and regularly affecting your wellbeing, don’t suffer in silence. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to gain clarity and take control of your health. References  Thys-Jacobs, S, McMahon, D, Bilezikian, JP. (2008). Differences in Free Estradiol and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Women with and without Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 93(1):96–102, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1726

Experiencing severe period pain that stops you in your tracks, or cycles that are unpredictable from month to month, is a clear sign that your body needs attention. Irregular periods and intense pain are not simply something you have to endure. They are powerful signals of a deeper issue, often stemming from hormonal imbalances or underlying reproductive health conditions. Understanding what constitutes a ‘normal’ cycle is the first step toward recognising when your body is sending up a red flag. The second is knowing that targeted testing can find the specific cause, getting you off the cycle of pain and uncertainty. This article outlines all of this. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms. The Menstrual Cycle: A Vital Sign Your menstrual cycle is far more than just your period; it is a vital sign of your overall health, carefully regulated by cycling hormones—namely oestradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinising hormone (LH). The cycle begins on the first day of your bleed and ends the day before your next bleed. It is broken down into two coordinated cycles: the ovarian cycle (managing egg release) and the uterine cycle (managing the womb lining). Defining Normal vs. Irregular Cycles Understanding the precise timing of your cycle is essential for identifying potential issues. An irregular cycle is one of the clearest signals of a hormonal imbalance, as the lack of regular ovulation breaks the hormonal rhythm needed for a predictable period. What Causes Painful and Heavy Periods? Severe pain (dysmenorrhea) and heavy periods (menorrhagia) are symptoms with deep hormonal and structural roots. Hormonal Mechanisms of Pain and Bleeding It’s often the imbalance between oestrogen and a lack of proper progesterone that causes cycle issues. If you fail to ovulate, the ovaries don’t produce enough progesterone. Oestrogen continues to build up the uterine lining (endometrium) without opposition. This leads to an excessively thick lining that is difficult to shed, resulting in heavy periods. Period pain itself is caused by the release of chemicals called prostaglandins, which trigger the uterine muscles to contract. Conditions that increase inflammation or tissue build-up in the pelvic region cause the body to release a higher volume of prostaglandins, leading to the kind of crippling pain described as ‘a razor blade pain’.  Finally, heavy, prolonged bleeding can deplete your body’s iron stores, leading to Iron Deficiency Anaemia. This is a common consequence of unmanaged heavy periods and causes secondary symptoms like fatigue, low energy, and hair thinning. Key Conditions Linked to Painful & Irregular Cycles Many complex reproductive health conditions manifest as pain and irregularity. Finding the root cause requires checking for these conditions, all of which Hertility is able to support the diagnosis of through our comprehensive testing and clinical pathways: 💡 Think your symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition?  Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the cause of your painful or irregular cycles and get a personalised care plan. When to Get Tested If you are experiencing pain that requires strong painkillers, or if your cycle falls outside the normal 21-35 day range, you should seek medical advice. Do not normalise crippling pain. You should consider testing your personalised hormones if: What Your Personalised Results Can Tell You Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. 💡 Find out what your hormones are telling you Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the cause of your painful and irregular cycles and get a personalised care plan. References  Hoffman SR, Farland LV, Doll KM, et al. The epidemiology of gynaecologic health: contemporary opportunities and challenges. J Epidemiol Community Health.  2021;75:398-401. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213149

Fluctuations in mood, unexpected bursts of anxiety, or persistent feelings of low mood are incredibly common. Many women and people with cycles dismiss these feelings, believing they are ‘just emotional’ or simply a consequence of a busy life. Yet, these psychological shifts are often indicators that your internal hormone balance is disrupted. Mood and mental health are intrinsically linked to the endocrine system. The very hormones that regulate your menstrual cycle and reproductive health – like oestradiol and testosterone – are also neuroactive steroids. This means they directly communicate with your brain, influencing key neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA, which govern happiness, stability, and calm. This article outlines the complex interplay between your hormones and your brain. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms. What Causes Mood and Mental Health Changes? Whilst depression and anxiety can stem from genetics, life events, or chemical imbalances unrelated to hormones, there are distinct patterns of mood disruption that point directly toward hormonal drivers. Recognising Hormonal Triggers Hormonally driven mood changes often present with specific characteristics: How Hormones Affect Mood and Mental Health Hormones don’t just affect your reproductive organs; they are powerful modulators of your entire central nervous system (CNS). Imbalances or abrupt fluctuations in these critical messengers are a common cause of psychological distress. 1. The cycling hormones (oestradiol, LH, and FSH:  Oestradiol (the primary oestrogen), regulated by the brain’s signals LH and FSH, is a potent regulator of mood and anxiety. 💡 Is your cycle affecting your head? If your anxiety or mood shifts violently or predictably, it could be your hormones. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the link between your sex hormones, LH, and FSH. 2. Androgens (Testosterone, DHEAS, and SHBG) Androgens are powerful neuroactive hormones that significantly influence energy, motivation, and psychological well-being. 3. Thyroid Hormones: TSH and Free Thyroxine (FT4) The thyroid axis is central to CNS function, as thyroid hormones regulate cell metabolism throughout the body, including the brain. Measuring TSH (from the pituitary) and Free Thyroxine (FT4) (the active thyroid hormone) provides a clear picture. When to Get Tested If your feelings of hormonal low mood or hormonal anxiety are persistent, cyclical, or do not respond fully to standard treatments, exploring your hormone health is a vital step. Mood disorders often represent a neuro-biological effect of an underlying hormone imbalance. You should consider comprehensive testing if you experience: What Your Results Can Tell You Testing a full panel of personalised hormones – which can include Testosterone, SHBG, DHEAS, TSH, Free T4, Oestradiol, LH, FSH, AMH, and Prolactin – provides the essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause: 💡 Take control of your hormones today Uncover the biological drivers of your anxiety and low mood. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test for clarity and a personalised care plan. References  Zhu, H., Sun, Y., Guo, S., Zhou, Q., Jiang, Y., Shen, Y., Zhou, Z., Du, Z., & Zhou, H. (2023). Causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin and major depression: A Mendelian randomization study. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 148(5), 426–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13614

Experiencing persistent fatigue or low energy that just won’t shift, no matter how much you sleep or how many coffees you have? You’re not alone. Many women and people with cycles dismiss chronic tiredness as a normal part of a busy life, yet it can be a sign that something is going on. When fatigue becomes persistent, heavy, and impacts your daily life, it’s time to look beyond just needing more rest. Whilst lifestyle factors – like a poor night’s sleep, stress, or a less-than-ideal diet – can certainly cause temporary dips, when these symptoms become chronic, it’s often a signal from your body that your delicate hormonal balance might be disrupted. This article will explore the common, and often overlooked, hormonal drivers behind feeling tired all the time and outline how taking our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms. What Causes Fatigue and Low Energy? The causes of fatigue are diverse, ranging from simple lifestyle factors to underlying medical conditions. However, many of the most persistent and hard-to-diagnose cases in women often circle back to hormone health. Common Lifestyle and Medical Causes Before diving into the hormonal links, it’s important to rule out the most common causes of low energy: The Hormonal Connection: A Deeper Dive For many, general medical checks come back clear, yet the profound tiredness persists. This is where hormones often step in as the missing piece of the puzzle. Hormones act as chemical messengers throughout the body, regulating metabolism, sleep cycles, stress response, and reproductive health – all of which are intrinsically linked to your energy levels. How Hormones Affect Fatigue and Low Energy Several key hormones play critical roles in regulating your energy, and imbalances in any of them can lead to that heavy, constant feeling of being drained. 1. Cycling Hormones (Oestrogen, Progesterone, LH & FSH) The menstrual cycle is an intricately regulated process driven by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. The fluctuation of key hormones – oestrogen (specifically estradiol), progesterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – has a significant influence on central nervous system function, affecting energy metabolism, sleep architecture, and neuropsychiatric stability (Li et al., 2020).  2. Androgens (Testosterone, DHEAS & SHBG) Androgens are essential for vitality in women and people with menstrual cycles. Testosterone and its precursor, DHEAS, are powerful hormones linked to motivation, muscle mass, bone density, and energy metabolism. 💡 Find out what your hormones are telling you Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to uncover the root causes of your symptoms, including persistent fatigue and low energy. 3. Cortisol (The Stress Hormone) Cortisol is released by the adrenal glands and is part of the body’s natural “fight or flight” stress response. While essential in short bursts, chronic stress leads to chronically elevated cortisol, which eventually impacts energy regulation (Kumari et al., 2009). 4. Insulin Insulin regulates blood sugar, which is your body’s primary fuel source. When insulin is dysregulated (known as insulin resistance), your cells struggle to absorb glucose, leaving your body and brain starved of the energy they need. This common issue is a significant driver of hormonal fatigue and often a core feature of conditions like PCOS. When to Get Tested If your fatigue is persistent, severe, and doesn’t improve with rest or lifestyle adjustments, or if you also experience other symptoms such as irregular periods, unexplained weight changes, brain fog, or mood swings, it is a clear sign to investigate your hormone health. Many hormonal issues, especially early-stage thyroid conditions or sex hormone imbalances, can be missed in routine testing. Getting a comprehensive panel gives you a full picture, moving beyond general blood work to assess the specific hormonal markers that could be causing your low energy. Consider testing if you: 💡 Find out what your hormones are telling you Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to uncover the root causes of your symptoms, including persistent fatigue and low energy. What Your Results Can Tell You Taking a dedicated hormone and fertility test offers valuable, actionable insights that traditional testing often overlooks. By analysing key hormones, including thyroid hormones, cortisol, and sex hormones (oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone), your results can: Finding out why you are feeling so tired is empowering. It transforms the symptom from a vague complaint into a clear, treatable medical pathway. References

Hertility today announces the launch of GYN-AI™, a patent-pending, clinical-grade diagnostic tool set to redefine how fertility and gynaecological conditions are detected and diagnosed. A moment of justice for women’s health For decades, women have faced unacceptable delays in receiving diagnoses for gynaecological and fertility-related conditions, waiting years, sometimes decades, for answers that should take days.  Hertility’s GYN-AI™ changes that. Hertility was founded to deliver personalised, and expert healthcare across every stage of a woman’s hormonal lifespan using a preventative and data-first approach. Now, that mission reaches a breakthrough moment with the launch of GYN-AI™, a first-of-its-kind, patent-pending diagnostic tool that redefines how fertility and gynaecological conditions are detected and diagnosed. Developed by Hertility’s team of leading scientists, clinicians, and data engineers, GYN-AI™ combines years of research, clinical expertise, and advanced machine learning. Trained on Hertility’s uniquely comprehensive dataset,  including over one million Hertility Health Assessments and hundreds of thousands of blood results, the model achieves 98–99% diagnostic precision across 18 fertility-related and gynaecological conditions. When tested against clinicians, GYN-AI™ performs as well as or outperforms them in diagnostic accuracy, reducing diagnosis times for some conditions from nine years to just seven days. Closing the data gap and the gender health gap Until now, healthcare data has been dangerously incomplete. Women were largely excluded from clinical trials until the 1990s, meaning much of modern medicine, and the data used to train most AI systems, reflects a male default. This makes even the most advanced AI models, including tools like ChatGPT, unreliable and potentially unsafe for women’s health. GYN-AI™, by contrast, is built on Hertility’s own curated dataset: one of the largest and most clinically validated in women’s health, spanning over a million assessments and hundreds of thousands of blood test results linked to confirmed clinical outcomes. Built for women and from women’s data, it delivers a level of diagnostic precision and safety that is truly world-changing. End-to-end care, powered by data and compassion GYN-AI™ integrates seamlessly with Hertility’s full-service clinical pathway, offering end-to-end care from screening, diagnostic blood testing, and ultrasound scanning to telemedicine, prescriptions, IVF, and egg freezing. This means women can move from assessment to diagnosis to treatment without delay, closing the loop on women’s healthcare like never before. Dr Helen O’Neill, Founder and CEO of Hertility, said: “I see this as a movement; and perhaps a moment of justice for women’s health. For too long, women have been dismissed, misdiagnosed, and left waiting years for answers about their own bodies. With GYN-AI™, we are changing that forever. Every algorithm has been trained on the lived experiences, symptoms, and data of over a million women: women who deserved faster care, earlier intervention, and to be believed. This tool will help clinicians deliver answers in days, not years, giving women back their time, their control, and in some cases, their chance to create life. This marks the beginning of a new era, one where women’s health is finally powered by data, intelligence, and compassion.” Mr Srdjan Saso, Consultant Gynaecologist at Hertility, added: “As a clinician, I have seen the damage that diagnostic delays cause physically, emotionally, and financially. GYN-AI™ is truly revolutionary in medicine- it allows us to detect potential issues earlier and with greater precision than ever before, guiding women to the right care pathway faster. This technology does not replace doctors; it empowers them. It gives us a clinical tool built on real-world data that helps us treat women sooner, more accurately, and more holistically.” The beginning of a new clinical paradigm GYN-AI™ represents a seismic shift from reactive to proactive care, bridging science, compassion, and intelligence to transform how women are diagnosed and treated. Hertility’s mission is clear: to close the gender health gap by delivering faster, data-driven, and personalised diagnostic care that gives women the answers they deserve. We are not just advancing technology. We are transforming lives and creating them. To begin your own journey toward better understanding your hormones and reproductive health, start your Hertility Health Assessment today at www.hertilityhealth.com.

September is PCOS Awareness Month, and if you’re trying to conceive with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), you may have already discovered how much misinformation exists online.  PCOS affects around 1 in 10 women in the UK, yet many don’t receive a diagnosis until they start facing fertility challenges. If you’ve been told (or read online) that “PCOS means you can’t get pregnant,” let’s stop right there. PCOS can feel like a roadblock, but the truth is many people with PCOS go on to have healthy pregnancies, sometimes naturally, sometimes with a little help. But understanding how PCOS impacts fertility is the first step to taking back control.  In this guide, we’ll break down what PCOS actually means for your fertility, natural ways to improve your chances of conception, the most effective medical treatments, and when to seek extra support. We’ll also cover the emotional side of trying to conceive with PCOS, because it’s about much more than just biology. TL;DR (Trying to Conceive with PCOS – Quick Summary) PCOS affects around 1 in 10 women in the UK, and while it can make ovulation irregular, pregnancy is still possible. Many people with PCOS conceive naturally, though it may take longer due to unpredictable cycles. Lifestyle changes like balanced nutrition, exercise, supplements, and stress management can improve the regularity of your cycles, PCOS symptoms and fertility outcomes. Medical treatments from ovulation induction (Clomid/Letrozole/Gonadotrophin injections) to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) may be needed to address PCOS-related fertility issues. Getting support early, through fertility testing, nutrition and lifestyle management and tailored care, can make a big difference. You are not alone, PCOS is one of the leading causes of fertility issues, but with the right support, pregnancy is absolutely possible. What is PCOS and How Does It Affect Fertility? Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, better known as PCOS  is one of those conditions that most of us have heard of, but few of us really understand. It’s often framed as a fertility roadblock, but the reality is more nuanced. Around 1 in 10 women in the UK are thought to live with PCOS, though many don’t even know they have it until they start thinking about pregnancy. That’s often when the questions start: Why are my periods so irregular? Why does ovulation feel impossible to track? Is getting pregnant even an option for me? In PCOS, a delicate hormonal relay between the brain and the ovaries gets disrupted. Instead of one egg maturing and being released each month, multiple small follicles often develop but don’t quite make it to the finish line. In some cases, the ovaries can end up looking ‘polycystic’ on an ultrasound, but they are not cysts, they are lots of tiny immature follicles. At the same time, higher levels of androgens (so-called “male hormones”) and insulin resistance can throw the whole system off balance. The result? Ovulation might become unpredictable or stop altogether. That said, difficult does not mean impossible, ovulation can still occur in PCOS, sometimes unpredictably, and with the right intervention, it can be regulated. What Are My Chances of Getting Pregnant with PCOS? If you’ve Googled “Can you get pregnant naturally with PCOS?“, ” How to get pregnant with PCOS quickly” ? You’ve probably come across some pretty gloomy takes, headlines about infertility, scary statistics, forums filled with worst-case scenarios. It’s no wonder that so many people with PCOS assume pregnancy is out of reach.The truth? Yes, you absolutely can get pregnant naturally with PCOS. It just might not follow the textbook cycle you read about in biology class. Why Getting Pregnant Naturally Can Be Harder with PCOS Natural conception relies on timing, you need to ovulate, sperm needs to be there at the right moment, and fertilisation has to line up. With PCOS, ovulation is often the unpredictable piece of the puzzle. Some people with PCOS ovulate only a few times a year. Others might ovulate irregularly, one cycle at 35 days, the next at 60. That makes it harder to know when you’re ovulating, and harder to plan sex around your fertile window. But harder doesn’t mean impossible. Studies suggest that while it may take longer, many people with PCOS conceive without medical treatment. For some, it happens once they start making small lifestyle shifts (like balancing blood sugar, exercising regularly, or addressing stress). For others, they might need medical support. So rather than thinking of PCOS as shutting the door on pregnancy, it’s more accurate to see it as a condition that may require a different key.  Hertili-tip: If you’ve been trying for 12 months (under 35) or 6 months (over 35) or you have irregular cycles, book a Hertility Advanced at-home hormone and fertility test to get ahead. Step-by-Step: How to Boost Your Chances of Conceiving with PCOS Trying to conceive with PCOS can feel overwhelming, but breaking it down into clear steps makes the journey more manageable. Think of this as a roadmap, not a rigid schedule, but a sequence of strategies that build on each other. Pay attention to the preconception phase, the preconception phase is defined as the three months before you conceive. Why? Well, a few lifestyle changes before actively trying can make all the difference to your chances, according to the NHS. They recommend eating a healthy, balanced diet, drinking less alcohol, and exercising regularly to help prepare your body for getting pregnant.  Step 1: Get Clear on What’s Happening in Your Body The first step is clarity. Not every woman with irregular cycles has PCOS, and not everyone with PCOS experiences it in the same way. Getting a confirmed diagnosis through hormone blood tests and an ultrasound scan is important, because it helps rule out other conditions that can mimic PCOS.  Once you have that clarity, the next part is understanding how your cycles work. Most cycle tracking apps assume a neat 28 – 30 day cycle, where ovulation happens like clockwork around day 14. With PCOS, ovulation may happen on day 20, day 40, or not at […]

Thinking about egg freezing? Learn how it works, success rates, costs, and when to start preserving your fertility. Thinking about freezing your eggs? Whether you’re planning for the future or not ready to start a family just yet, egg freezing  is a powerful fertility preservation option. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about how to freeze your eggs, how to freeze your eggs, and what factors to consider, including age, success rates, and costs. What Is Egg Freezing and Why Do People Do It? Egg freezing, also known as oocyte cryopreservation, is a fertility preservation technique that allows you to save your eggs for future use. It’s becoming an increasingly popular option for those who want to keep their options open when it comes to having children later in life – but does it guarantee you’ll have a baby? Let’s explore the facts. People choose egg freezing for a variety of reasons, including: Planning to have children later in life Undergoing medical treatment that could affect fertility (e.g. chemotherapy) Personal or career goals Not having found the right partner yet We explore this further in Who should consider fertility preservation?  How does the Egg Freezing Process Work?  Step 1: Hormone Stimulation You’ll take fertility medications to stimulate your ovaries to produce multiple mature eggs in one cycle. During this time, you’ll attend regular scans and blood tests to monitor your response. Step 2: Egg Collection (Egg Retrieval) After ~10-14 days of stimulation, your eggs are collected in a short medical procedure under sedation. Once your eggs are ready, they’ll be collected via a minor surgical procedure under sedation. Most people recover within a day or two. Step 3: Freezing and Storage (Cryopreservation) Your eggs are frozen using a fast-freezing technique called vitrification, then stored safely in liquid nitrogen for potential use in the future. Can Freezing Your Eggs Guarantee a Baby? The short answer is no – freezing your eggs does not guarantee you’ll have a baby. It can increase your chances, especially if you freeze your eggs at a younger age, but several factors affect whether you’ll conceive and carry a baby successfully later in life. One major factor is your age at the time of freezing. Younger eggs tend to be healthier and more likely to result in a successful pregnancy. Freezing eggs in your twenties or early thirties typically leads to better outcomes than doing so in your late thirties or forties. Another key factor is the number of eggs you freeze. Not all eggs will survive the freezing and thawing process. Even if they do, not every egg will fertilise or become a healthy embryo. Your overall reproductive health at the time you want to use the eggs also matters. This includes the health of your uterus, your hormone levels, and any underlying fertility issues that may have developed over time. Success also depends on the quality of sperm used and the effectiveness of IVF when you’re ready to conceive. A partner’s or donor’s sperm must be healthy enough to fertilise the eggs, and the embryo must implant successfully in the uterus. When Is the Best Age to Freeze Eggs? If you’re asking, “When should I freeze my eggs?” the general recommendation from fertility experts is between you late 20s to mid 30s. During this window, egg quality and ovarian reserve are still relatively high, giving you the best chance of success later. But this isn’t a one-size-fits-all decision. Everyone’s fertility journey is different. Some people may choose to free their eggs earlier or later depending on their health, family history, a medical condition that could affect fertility, or plans to undergo treatments like chemotherapy. Others may freeze their eggs later due to career, relationship, or financial considerations.. While it’s still possible to freeze your eggs after 35, it’s important to know that success rates may decline as egg quality and reserve begin to drop with age. If you’re wondering when to start the process, the best first step is to book a fertility assessment. This typically includes hormone testing and an ultrasound to check your ovarian reserve. With this information, you can get a clearer picture of your fertility status and make an empowered decision about whether and when to freeze your eggs. You may also want to understand how ageing can affect fertility rates in women. How Many Eggs Should I Freeze to Have a Baby? There’s no magic number, but we can estimate based on age and clinical data. Based on research from studies like Goldman et al. (2017) and Doyle et al. (2016), we can estimate the number of mature eggs typically needed to have about a 70% chance of achieving one full-term pregnancy. These numbers are estimates based on aiming for one baby, so if you’re hoping to grow a bigger family, freezing more eggs may be necessary to maximise your chances. Note: These numbers aim for one full-term pregnancy. This estimation may vary depending on other factors. If the goal is more than one child, more eggs should be frozen. What Are the Egg Freezing Success Rates? If you’re thinking about freezing your eggs, one of the most important things to understand is your chance of having a baby later on. While there’s no guaranteed number of eggs that will result in a full-term pregnancy, we can give a reliable estimate based on several factors especially your age at the time of freezing. Success with frozen eggs depends on four key steps: egg survival after thawing, fertilisation, embryo development, and successful implantation. Let’s break it down. Age at the Time of Freezing Matters Most Age is the single biggest factor influencing the quality and quantity of eggs. Younger eggs tend to be healthier and have a much higher chance of leading to a successful pregnancy. How Well Do Eggs Survive Freezing and Thawing? Thanks to modern vitrification techniques, between 90–95% of mature eggs survive the thawing process. That’s a big leap from older […]

No longer seen as a ‘nice-to-have’, but an essential part of employee wellbeing, reproductive health and fertility benefits are increasingly becoming a top priority for employers. Here’s why they should be included in your budget. Quick facts: The rise of reproductive health benefits  With the dynamics of the workplace having rapidly shifted since the pandemic, more and more employees are prioritising their wellbeing and looking to their employers to provide well-rounded benefits packages.  Fertility and reproductive health support is emerging as a key employee need within this matrix. Demand for inclusive fertility benefits is growing year on year—with up to 71% of employers looking to adopt fertility benefits within the foreseeable future.  Additionally, the estimated global productivity loss due to employees experiencing menopausal symptoms is a staggering $150 billion a year. With around 20% of the workforce, according to Let’s Talk Menopause, being pre to post-menopausal, it’s clear to see that menopause benefits are also emerging as a vital lifeline for employers and employees alike.  However these initiatives aren’t just a tick box for improving D&I metrics—they can drive a significant impact on your organisations’ bottom line, with some providers seeing an ROI of x6 and upwards.  Here are the top four reasons why your organisation’s wellbeing budget should include a comprehensive fertility and reproductive health benefits package. Improved retention and reduced turnover costs Recent research from Fertility Network UK showed companies that are not supporting their employees through fertility treatments and journeys, including LGBTQIA+ individuals, has a significant negative impact on employee retention.  1 in 5 employees going through fertility treatment left their jobs due to insufficient support within the last 5 years alone. With the average cost to replace an employee in the UK being around £30K, it’s no secret that the right reproductive health and fertility support can have a positive impact on your bottom line through employee retention alone. Appealing to wider talent pools Despite previous sentiment that fertility benefits are just a concern for millennial employees, or just for women, reproductive health issues affect employees of all ages and identities across the talent pool.  1 in 3 Gen Z employees think fertility benefits should be a part of their package and are actively looking for employers that offer attractive, well-rounded benefits.  At the other end of the spectrum, perimenopausal and menopausal women are seeking employers with rigorous menopause support policies—with 42% considering quitting their jobs due to symptoms.  With job ads citing fertility benefits up by 700% since March 2022, fertility benefits are fast becoming an important factor in diverse talent acquisition at all organisational levels. This rings especially true for companies looking to attract women into senior leadership positions and improve gender diversity at the top. Fostering a culture of care  Fertility benefits signal to your workforce that you, as an organisation, are committed to supporting your employees beyond the scope of the office. This can demonstrate to your employees that you care about them as individuals, whatever life stage they are at.  Creating an environment where employees feel supported through any struggles, or simply aware that they have options should they need them, helps to foster a culture of care that translates into improved productivity and overall employee satisfaction. Upstream and downstream cost savings Whilst fertility benefit packages might seem like less of a priority compared to mental or physical health initiatives during times of tighter budgets, the upstream and downstream savings can have significant longer-term ROI.  Reproductive health is intimately linked to mental and physical wellbeing. Offering a well-rounded support package that focuses on education in addition to reproductive health testing and treatment can initiate preventative care, reducing longer-term costs like employee absence. Getting started with reproductive health benefits Reproductive health benefits are far more than simply covering the cost of IVF treatments or extra time off for menopause support. Impactful initiatives should be multifactorial, focusing on community-building and education right through to treatment support.  Regardless of life stage or identity, all employees should feel supported across the physical and mental wellbeing spectrum. The Hertility productivity loss calculator can help you decipher your estimated annual losses from employee reproductive health. In turn, you can accurately estimate your workforce’s needs for fertility and reproductive health benefits—the first step towards building a robust business case. Contact benefits@hertilityhealth.com to find out how reproductive health support can positively impact your people and business.

When you’re planning to conceive, there’s a lot on your mind—from diet and lifestyle to managing stress and preparing your body for the changes ahead. But one area that often gets overlooked in this journey is your skin health. As a dermatologist, I frequently meet women who are trying to conceive, whether naturally or through assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, and they’re often unsure about which skincare products are safe to use or how to handle the skin changes that come with fluctuating hormone levels. Let’s explore how to optimise your skin health when trying to conceive, what to watch out for in your skincare routine, and why consulting a dermatologist might be a wise move during this time. Understanding Hormonal Changes and Skin Impact Hormones have a significant impact on skin health, and this becomes even more pronounced when you’re trying to conceive. The body undergoes various hormonal shifts even before pregnancy begins, which can lead to skin concerns such as acne, dryness, sensitivity, and pigmentation changes. When you stop hormonal contraception in preparation for pregnancy, your skin may react to the sudden shift in hormones. Research shows that oestrogen and progesterone levels, which help regulate the menstrual cycle and are key in pregnancy, can influence the skin’s oil production, hydration levels, and overall texture. Additionally, if you’re undergoing IVF or preparing for embryo transfer, the high doses of hormones involved can cause further changes. These hormones can stimulate oil glands, leading to an increase in acne, or exacerbate conditions like melasma (dark patches on the skin) due to increased melanin production. Common Skin Concerns When Trying to Conceive As you navigate the journey to conception, whether naturally or through IVF, you might notice changes in your skin. Here are some common skin concerns during this time: Oily skin, acne, and breakouts: Hormonal fluctuations often lead to increased sebum (oil) production, which can clog pores and cause acne. This can be particularly pronounced after stopping birth control or during fertility treatments when hormone levels are artificially manipulated. Increased sensitivity and redness: Hormonal changes can make the skin more sensitive and prone to redness, dryness, or irritation. This is especially true if you have a history of sensitive skin or conditions like rosacea or eczema. Pigmentation changes: An increase in melanocyte-stimulating hormones can cause dark patches or melasma in pregnancy. This can also be seen in women undergoing IVF due to the high levels of hormones used in the process. Dryness and dehydration: Hormonal shifts can also affect the skin’s ability to retain moisture, leading to dryness or flakiness. Keeping the skin well-hydrated and maintaining a strong skin barrier is essential during this time. Navigating Skincare Confusion: What’s Safe When Trying to Conceive? When you’re trying to conceive, whether naturally or through IVF, you might find yourself wondering which skincare products are safe to use. The skincare landscape can be confusing, with countless products on the market and mixed messages about what is safe during conception and pregnancy. Here’s a guide to help you navigate this tricky terrain: Avoid certain ingredients: Some skincare ingredients are best avoided during conception and pregnancy due to potential risks to the developing baby. Retinoids (often found in anti-ageing products), high concentrations of salicylic acid, and other exfoliating acids can fall into this category.  Emphasise hydration and skin barrier support: Ingredients that support hydration and the skin barrier are your best friends. Look for products containing hyaluronic acid to retain moisture, ceramides to strengthen the skin’s barrier, and niacinamide to soothe irritation and reduce sensitivity. Choose Safe Sun Protection: Protecting your skin from UV damage is always important, but it becomes even more crucial when trying to conceive, especially if you’re prone to pigmentation changes. Opt for high factor broad-spectrum sunscreen with blue light protection to reduce the risk of pigmentation. Consider mild active ingredients: Consider azelaic acid, which is both effective in managing acne and pigmentation and safe for use when trying to conceive. It is an anti-inflammatory rather than an exfoliating acid and can also help with redness. Preventative Acne Treatments: The Role of Laser For women prone to acne, especially those who experience breakouts after stopping hormonal contraception or undergoing fertility treatments, taking preventative measures can be highly beneficial. One innovative treatment to consider is a drug-free, non-invasive laser therapy that targets sebaceous glands to reduce oil production and prevent acne. It offers a preventative approach without the need for systemic medications, which may be restricted when trying to conceive or during pregnancy. By reducing oil production, the laser  can help maintain clearer skin during a time when treatment options are more limited due to safety concerns. It’s a great option to discuss with your consultant dermatologist, particularly if you’re seeking ways to manage acne without relying on potentially harmful medications. Adapting Skincare During IVF and Embryo Transfer If you’re undergoing IVF or preparing for an embryo transfer, your skin is likely to undergo additional changes due to the high levels of hormones administered during treatment. These hormones can exacerbate acne, increase pigmentation issues like melasma, and make your skin more sensitive or reactive. In such cases, a tailored skincare routine that addresses these specific concerns is essential. Working with a dermatologist can help you develop a plan that suits your skin’s needs while being mindful of the changes brought on by fertility treatments. They can recommend safe, effective products and treatments, such as laser treatment, to help manage skin concerns during this time. Supporting Skin Health Through Lifestyle Optimising skin health isn’t just about topical skincare—it’s also about making healthy lifestyle choices that support your body from within. Here are a few tips to help support your skin health while trying to conceive: Nutrition: Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants supports both your overall health and your skin. Focus on foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and flaxseeds, which help maintain the skin barrier, and plenty of fruits and vegetables for antioxidants. Manage stress: Stress can trigger skin issues, particularly during the emotionally taxing […]

Menopause is a significant phase in a woman’s life, marked by a decline in oestrogen levels that leads to various changes in the skin. These hormonal shifts can cause several skin concerns, ranging from dryness and thinning to increased sensitivity and a heightened risk of developing both medical and cosmetic skin issues. Understanding these changes and learning how to manage them effectively is crucial for maintaining healthy, youthful skin during this transitional period. How Menopause Affects Your Skin During menopause, the body undergoes several hormonal changes, particularly a reduction in oestrogen and progesterone levels, which have profound effects on the skin: Loss of collagen and elasticity: Oestrogen is vital for maintaining collagen, the protein that provides structural support and elasticity to the skin. With menopause, collagen production decreases significantly—by up to 30% within the first five years—and continues to decline at a rate of about 2.1% per year thereafter. This reduction leads to thinner skin, loss of firmness, and decreased elasticity, resulting in sagging, fine lines, and deeper wrinkles.  Increased dryness and skin thinning: Oestrogen plays a key role in regulating the skin’s moisture levels by promoting sebum production. As oestrogen levels decline, the skin becomes drier and the moisture barrier weakens, leading to increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and a rough texture. Thinning skin is more fragile and prone to bruising and injury, and reduced thickness also makes blood vessels more visible, contributing to increased redness. Pigmentation changes: Hormonal fluctuations during menopause can lead to pigmentation issues such as age spots, melasma, and uneven skin tone. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation further exacerbates these changes, as the skin’s ability to repair sun damage diminishes with age. This results in more pronounced pigmentation and sunspots, especially on areas frequently exposed to the sun, like the face, hands, and chest. Altered skin texture: The reduction in collagen and elastin also affects the skin’s texture, leading to enlarged pores and a rougher surface. Decreased skin cell turnover can contribute to a dull complexion, making regular exfoliation and rejuvenation practices essential to maintain a smooth, glowing appearance. Increased sensitivity and pruritus (itchiness): Menopausal skin is often more sensitive due to a compromised barrier and decreased hydration. This increased sensitivity can lead to greater reactivity to skincare products and environmental factors. Pruritus, or itching, is also a common complaint among postmenopausal women, often associated with dry skin conditions like xerosis. Higher risk of medical and cosmetic skin issues: As skin ages and hormone levels change, there is an increased risk of developing both medical and cosmetic skin concerns. Women with outdoor hobbies, frequent sun exposure, or a history of sun damage are particularly vulnerable to skin cancers, including melanoma. Regular mole checks and skin screenings are crucial for early detection. Some laser treatments, such as Halo, not only improve the skin’s aesthetic appearance by reducing pigmentation and fine lines but can also help reduce the risk of skin cancer by targeting and treating precancerous lesions. The Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can be effective in alleviating some of the skin changes associated with menopause by replenishing oestrogen levels. HRT has been shown to increase collagen production, enhance skin thickness, and improve elasticity, potentially restoring some of the skin’s youthful qualities. However, it is not without risks. While oestrogen in HRT can improve skin hydration and reduce signs of ageing, some women may experience side effects like acne, especially if their HRT regimen includes progesterone. Progesterone can increase sebum production, leading to clogged pores and breakouts. For women experiencing acne due to HRT, laser treatment designed to target sebaceous glands, may offer a solution. It works by reducing oil production, thereby minimising acne flare-ups without the need for long-term medications, providing a non-invasive option for managing hormone-induced acne. Effective Strategies for Managing Menopausal Skin To manage these changes effectively, a comprehensive approach involving skincare, medical treatments, and lifestyle adjustments is essential: Topical retinoids: Retinoids are highly effective in promoting collagen production and enhancing skin cell turnover. They help reduce the appearance of fine lines, improve skin texture, and increase elasticity. However, due to their potential to cause irritation, especially on thinning menopausal skin, retinoids should be used cautiously and under the supervision of a dermatologist. Hydrating moisturisers: Moisturisers that contain hyaluronic acid and ceramides are crucial for maintaining hydration and supporting the skin’s moisture barrier. Hyaluronic acid acts as a powerful humectant, attracting moisture to the skin, while ceramides help strengthen the barrier and prevent further dryness and irritation. Antioxidant serums: Antioxidants like vitamins C and E play a crucial role in protecting the skin from environmental damage and reducing pigmentation. These serums neutralise free radicals, molecules that accelerate skin ageing, and help improve overall skin tone and texture. Energy-Based Treatments: Lasers and ultrasound technologies are highly effective for stimulating collagen and elastin production, tightening, and lifting sagging skin. Treatments such as BroadBand Light (BBL) therapy, fractional laser resurfacing, and Sofwave can rejuvenate the skin and provide a firmer, more youthful appearance. Additionally, lasers like Halo can aesthetically enhance the skin while targeting and treating precancerous lesions, potentially reducing the risk of developing skin cancer. Injectable treatments – Polynucleotides and Profhilo: Polynucleotides and Profhilo are innovative injectables that promote skin regeneration and hydration. These treatments help improve skin elasticity and overall quality by providing deep hydration and stimulating collagen production, making them particularly effective for addressing thinning skin and volume loss. Microneedling with radiofrequency: This advanced treatment combines microneedling with radiofrequency energy to enhance collagen production and improve skin texture and firmness. It is particularly beneficial for menopausal skin, helping to reduce fine lines, improve skin tone, and provide a smoother appearance. Sun protection and lifestyle modifications: Protecting the skin from UV damage is critical during menopause. Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours can help prevent further pigmentation and damage. Additionally, maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, staying hydrated, and managing stress can significantly impact […]