Tag: Fertility

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is one of the most talked-about markers in reproductive health, providing an insight into your hormonal health and ovarian reserve. But receiving a “low” AMH result can feel alarming, especially when you’re not sure what it actually means. The good news is that a low AMH is not a confirmation that you cannot conceive naturally. In this article, we explore what it means to have a low or out-of-range AMH result, what causes it, and what your options are; whether you’re trying to conceive now, or simply planning for the future. If you haven’t yet tested your AMH, our Advanced At-Home Hormone & Fertility Test can measure AMH alongside up to nine other key hormones, giving you a personalised, clinically meaningful picture of your reproductive health. Quick Facts: A low AMH result indicates a lower-than-expected ovarian reserve for your age, but does not mean you cannot conceive naturally AMH measures egg quantity only, it tells you nothing about egg quality, which is one of the most important factors in conception AMH naturally declines throughout life; a low result does not mean you have done anything to cause it. Certain factors, including hormonal contraception and some medical conditions can temporarily affect AMH levels. Low AMH may have implications for IVF planning and NHS eligibility, but a low result does not close the door on treatment Your AMH result should never be interpreted in isolation, it only makes sense alongside your age, other hormones, and clinical history What is AMH and what does it measure? Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)  is a hormone made by small fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries called follicles, each of which contains an immature egg. Because AMH is made by these follicles, your AMH level gives an indication of how many eggs you have remaining at a given time. This is known as your ovarian reserve. Unlike hormones such as FSH, oestradiol, and LH, which fluctuate significantly across the menstrual cycle, AMH remains relatively stable. This stability is one of the key reasons it became widely adopted in reproductive medicine: it can be measured on any day of your cycle and still give a meaningful result. It is worth noting, however, that more recent studies have shown that there may be some slight variation in AMH levels across the menstrual cycle, but this variation remains considerably smaller than that seen in other reproductive hormones. As a result AMH is still considered one of the most stable and reliable markers of ovarian reserve. AMH is now routinely used when someone is considering undergoing a fertility treatment to estimate how the ovaries are likely to respond to stimulation, guide medication dosage, and determine eligibility for treatment. For a deeper dive into everything AMH testing can and can’t tell you, including its role in identifying PCOS and guiding fertility treatment, read our full guide: What Does AMH Testing Tell You? 5 Key Insights About Your Fertility What Does “Low AMH” Actually Mean? When we refer to “low AMH,” we mean a result that falls below the expected range for your age group. Because AMH naturally declines as you get older, what counts as “low” is always interpreted relative to age-specific reference ranges, not a single universal cutoff. A low AMH result can suggest that your ovarian reserve may be lower than expected for someone your age. This is sometimes referred to as having a Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR). However, it is important to emphasise that a lower ovarian reserve does not automatically mean reduced fertility or an inability to conceive naturally. The most important thing to understand: AMH measures quantity, not quality This distinction is worth repeating, because it is the most common source of confusion and unnecessary distress after receiving a low AMH result. AMH tells you about egg quantity. It does not tell you anything about egg quality. Egg quality i.e. how healthy eggs are, how likely they are to be fertilised, and how likely they are to develop into a viable embryo is influenced primarily by age and genetics. Currently there is no reliable way to measure it directly outside of accessing embryos created during IVF. This matters enormously in practice. Research consistently shows that AMH levels alone are not strongly predictive of natural pregnancy rates. People with low AMH conceive naturally every day. Conversely, a normal or high AMH result does not guarantee fertility. Fertility is shaped by many factors: ovulation, sperm health, Fallopian tube function, uterine health, and overall wellbeing. In short: a low AMH result is not a diagnosis of infertility. Hertility’s own research found no significant association between low AMH and risk of miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss, an important finding that further underscores the limitations of AMH as a standalone predictor of pregnancy outcomes. What Causes Low AMH? In most cases, there is no single identifiable “cause” of a low AMH level in the way we typically think about causes of illness. It is important to know that if you have received a low AMH result, nothing you’ve done has caused this. AMH levels follow a natural trajectory across the reproductive lifespan; it peaks in the early-to-mid twenties, and then gradually declines toward menopause. This decline is a normal part of reproductive ageing, and the rate at which it happens varies between individuals, largely due to genetics. Some factors that may be associated with lower AMH levels include: Age – the most significant driver of declining AMH Genetics – family history can influence the rate of ovarian ageing Previous ovarian surgery – procedures to remove ovarian cysts or tissue (for example endometriosis) may reduce ovarian reserve Certain autoimmune conditions – which can affect ovarian function, for example Hashimoto’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Addison’s disease. Cancer treatment – some types of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are referred to as gonadotoxic (i.e. toxic to the gonads such as the ovary) which can impact the ovaries Hormonal contraception – can cause a temporary, reversible reduction in AMH levels, typically by 15% to 30% and […]

In the UK, employers can support fertility and reproductive health at work by offering early diagnostic testing, expert consultations, inclusive family-forming support, fertility leave and flexible working, and access to clinically credible care and guidance. For HR teams, this matters for more than employee wellbeing. A clear fertility and reproductive health offering can help improve inclusion, reduce stress and uncertainty for employees, and strengthen retention in a competitive talent market. One of the most important things to remember is that our reproductive and hormonal health impacts us all the way through our career, not just at single points in time. The reproductive health landscape within the workplace tends to be siloed into fertility benefits or policies. Workplaces should aim to accommodate employees from every aspect of the reproductive lifespan, from those who have gynaecological conditions, sperm testing, those who need fertility care and those approaching menopause. What are fertility and reproductive health benefits? Fertility and reproductive health benefits are employer-sponsored services that help employees better understand their reproductive health, access timely care, and navigate different paths to either parenthood, symptom management or life stage health. Crucially, this support should extend beyond family planning to include the diagnosis, support, and management of reproductive health conditions (such as PCOS or endometriosis), allowing employees to get answers for symptoms and plan for their futures with clinical confidence. These benefits can include: hormone and fertility testing consultations with clinicians or specialists Diagnosis and support for conditions such as PCOS or endometriosis egg freezing guidance financial support for fertility treatment, such as IUI or IVF support for surrogacy or other family-forming journeys fertility leave and flexible working arrangements Unlike standard private medical insurance, which may limit or exclude parts of fertility care, specialist reproductive health benefits are designed to provide more targeted, comprehensive support. Why should UK employers offer fertility and reproductive health support? A strong fertility and reproductive health policy can help employers: support employee wellbeing more effectively create a more inclusive workplace for different family-forming journeys reduce stress, absenteeism, and presenteeism improve retention during key life stages demonstrate a meaningful commitment to women’s health and health equity For many employees, reproductive health concerns begin long before fertility treatment. Earlier access to testing, answers, and specialist support can make a meaningful difference to how supported they feel at work. What should a strong employer policy include? A well-designed fertility and reproductive health policy should usually include four core elements. 1. Early fertility and reproductive health checks Many employees face long waits or limited access to investigations through standard care pathways. Offering earlier access to reproductive health testing can help employees understand symptoms sooner and make more informed decisions about their next steps. This can include support for: hormone and fertility testing ovarian reserve assessments investigations into irregular cycles or hormone imbalance early identification of conditions that may affect fertility, such as PCOS, endometriosis, or thyroid dysfunction What HR teams can do: work with clinically credible providers that offer accessible testing and clear follow-up pathways. 2. Inclusive family-forming support A modern policy should reflect the fact that there is no single route to parenthood. Support should be inclusive of employees pursuing IVF, IUI, egg freezing, donor conception, surrogacy, LGBTQ+ family-forming pathways, and single parenthood by choice. A more inclusive approach may include: financial support or stipends for treatment access to approved clinics or specialists support that is not limited to one definition of infertility language and eligibility criteria that reflect a broad range of family structures What HR teams can do: review whether current benefits are accessible and relevant for all employees, not only heterosexual couples following a traditional treatment pathway. 3. Fertility leave and flexible working Fertility treatment and reproductive health care can involve repeated appointments, physical side effects, and emotional strain. Practical workplace support matters. A supportive policy may include: paid time off for fertility-related appointments and treatment leave for partners flexible start times or remote working for clinic appointments confidential processes for requesting support What HR teams can do: make expectations clear, train managers on handling requests sensitively, and ensure employees are not forced to disclose more than necessary. 4. Access to expert guidance and onward care Testing is only useful if employees understand what their results mean and what to do next. Employer support should include access to clinicians, education, and onward referral pathways where appropriate. This might include: clinician-reviewed results specialist consultations tailored next-step guidance support for managing symptoms and understanding treatment options What is the legal position in the UK? There is currently no statutory right to paid time off for fertility treatment in the UK, but employers still need to approach fertility and reproductive health support carefully and consistently. HR teams should be aware of: Pregnancy discrimination protections under the Equality Act 2010 once an embryo has been implanted the need to treat medical appointments fairly and sensitively the wider duty to create policies and management practices that reduce the risk of unfair treatment, discrimination, or employee relations issues As expectations around fertility support continue to evolve, many employers are choosing to go beyond minimum legal requirements and introduce clearer internal policies. How can HR teams implement fertility and reproductive health support well? A policy is more effective when it is practical, visible, and easy to access. HR teams should consider: defining what support is available and who it applies to making language inclusive and easy to understand training managers to respond with sensitivity and consistency providing confidential signposting to support choosing providers with clear clinical standards and appropriate follow-up care reviewing whether support covers prevention and early insight, not only treatment Where Hertility fits Many fertility benefits focus on support once an employee is already facing treatment. Hertility takes a proactive approach by helping employees access earlier insight into their reproductive and hormone health. Hertility supports employers with a diagnostics-led model that includes: at-home hormone and fertility testing screening for identifying issues such as PCOS, endometriosis, and hormone imbalances clearer insight into reproductive health and future […]

Research shows that on average, it takes two years and visits to three different doctors for someone to get a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), even though it’s one of the most common hormonal conditions in the UK, affecting around 1 in 10 women. Part of the problem is that PCOS presents differently in different people. There’s no single symptom that confirms it, no single test that catches every case, and whilst the  diagnostic criteria is  clinically sound, it requires ruling out other conditions before it can be applied. Add  that to the reality that many GPs have limited time and variable knowledge of reproductive hormones,  it’s not difficult to understand why so many people spend years being told their symptoms are normal, or being tested for the wrong things. This guide walks through exactly how PCOS is diagnosed: the criteria clinicians use, the tests involved, what the process typically looks like, and what you can do if you’re struggling to get answers. Quick Facts How is PCOS diagnosed? PCOS is most commonly diagnosed using what’s known as the Rotterdam criteria, established by an international consensus in 2003 and last updated in 2023. To receive a PCOS diagnosis, a person must meet at least two of the following three criteria: 1. Irregular or absent menstrual cycles. This means cycles that are consistently shorter than 21 days, longer than 35 days, or absent altogether. Irregular cycles indicate that ovulation is not occurring regularly, a key feature of PCOS. According to the 2023 International Evidence-Based PCOS Guidelines, irregular cycles are defined as fewer than eight cycles per year, or cycle intervals outside the 21–35 day range, in women who are at least three years post-menarche (which is your first period). 2. Clinical or biochemical signs of high androgens (hyperandrogenism). This means either physical symptoms associated with elevated androgens such as excess facial or body hair (hirsutism), acne, or scalp hair thinning or elevated androgen levels on a blood test – typically testosterone. Importantly, you don’t need both signs of hyperangrogenism – physical signs alone, or blood results alone, can satisfy this criterion. 3. Polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). This refers to the appearance of the ovaries on an ultrasound scan, specifically a high number of small antral follicles (the immature follicles that house eggs) in one or both ovaries, or an increased ovarian volume. Alternatively, a high AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) level on a blood test can be used as a marker of PCOM when an ultrasound isn’t available or appropriate. Two out of three. That’s the threshold. Which means you can have PCOS without polycystic-looking ovaries on a scan. You can have PCOS without acne or excess hair growth. You can have PCOS with a relatively regular period. This variability is one reason why the diagnosis of PCOS is frequently missed or delayed – there’s no single presentation that fits everyone. What tests might I need to do to get a PCOS diagnosis? A PCOS diagnosis is built from a combination of clinical assessments, blood tests, and often an ultrasound. Here’s what each one involves. Blood tests for PCOS diagnosis Blood tests are central to PCOS diagnosis, both for assessing hormone levels and for ruling out other conditions that can mimic PCOS. The following are typically included in a diagnostic workup: LH and FSH Luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are both made by the pituitary gland and work together to regulate the menstrual cycle. In PCOS, LH is often elevated relative to FSH, producing a raised LH:FSH ratio (typically greater than 2:1). This is one of the hormonal patterns clinicians look for in the early follicular phase, ideally tested around day 2–5 of the cycle. Oestradiol Oestradiol (the primary form of oestrogen) is tested alongside FSH to interpret the hormonal picture correctly. High oestradiol can suppress FSH artificially, which is why these two should always be read together. Testosterone and other androgens Testosterone and DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) are tested to assess androgen levels. Elevated androgens support the hyperandrogenism criterion and help explain symptoms like excess body or facial hair and acne.  SHBG blood test measures the level of a protein called sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in your blood. SHBG attaches to sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen and helps control how much of these hormones are active  in the tissues of your body and to understand how testosterone and oestrogen are working in the body. AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) AMH is made by the antral follicles in the ovaries (early stage follicles that haven’t been selected for ovulation yet) and reflects the size of your egg reserve. In PCOS, AMH is often significantly elevated becausethere is a high number of small follicles stuck at different stages of development. A high AMH can serve as a marker of polycystic ovarian morphology in clinical settings, particularly when an ultrasound is unavailable. AMH doesn’t fluctuate dramatically across the cycle but is ideally tested on day 3 of the cycle for consistency. Thyroid function tests (TSH and free T4) Both an underactive and overactive thyroid can cause irregular cycles, weight changes, and fatigue that closely resemble PCOS symptoms. Ruling out thyroid issues is a standard part of the diagnostic process. Prolactin Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinaemia) can also disrupt the menstrual cycle and cause irregular or absent periods. Testing prolactin helps exclude this as an alternative explanation for cycle irregularity. Glucose and insulin / HbA1c Because insulin resistance affects a lot of people with PCOS and significantly impacts its management, assessing metabolic markers such as fasting glucose or HbA1c is an important part of a thorough diagnostic workup. These tests are ideally taken in the early follicular phase, between days 2–5 of the menstrual cycle, when cycling hormones like LH, FSH, and oestradiol are at their baseline. If your cycles are very irregular, your doctor may advise testing at a specific point or to simply proceed whenever possible. Hertility’s Advanced At-home Hormone & Fertility Test checks for these markers including LH, FSH, oestradiol, testosterone, […]

New data reveals we may be moving backwards on endometriosis diagnosis and care. Here’s what the 2026 report shows—and why women are still being dismissed. The wait is over, but for millions, the wait continues. The 2026 Endometriosis UK Report has officially been released, and the findings are a sobering wake-up call for healthcare providers and policymakers alike. At a time when medical technology is advancing faster than ever, the reality of living with endometriosis in the UK is becoming increasingly difficult. Instead of closing the gap, the data shows we are drifting further away from timely care. Why This Report Matters Endometriosis UK’s 2026 State of Endometriosis Care in the UK report offers an invaluable look at the lived experience using the data from 3,075 respondents who had received a diagnosis of endometriosis from a healthcare practitioner in the UK since 2015. It provides one of the most comprehensive insights into diagnosis times, standards of care, and real-world patient outcomes ever recorded. As the UK’s leading charity for the condition, Endometriosis UK serves as the primary advocate for the “1 in 10.” They provide vital support services, reliable information, and a community for those suffering, while campaigning relentlessly for government policy changes and better NHS clinical standards. Their goal is simple but ambitious: to ensure that everyone with endometriosis has the right to a timely diagnosis and high-quality treatment. The Numbers: A Downward Spiral The most startling takeaway from the 2025-2026 data is the “Trend Line of Delay.” We are no longer just stagnant; we are moving in the wrong direction. The Diagnosis Gap The average time from the first GP visit to an endometriosis diagnosis in the UK overall has climbed to 9 years and 4 months. To put that in perspective: This isn’t just a statistic; it represents nearly a decade of someone’s life spent in limbo. For ethnically diverse communities, the situation is even more dire, with an average diagnosis time of 11 years – nearly two years longer than the national average. The Postcode Lottery Where you live in the UK significantly impacts how quickly you receive an endometriosis treatment plan. What Does Endometriosis Feel Like? Endometriosis is a chronic, often debilitating condition affecting 1 in 10 women (1.5 million in the UK and 176 million worldwide). It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows elsewhere. These endometrial-like lesions are most commonly found in the ovaries and fallopian tubes, but can also grow on the vagina, cervix, bowel, bladder, and other pelvic organs. Rarely, they may appear in other parts of the body. Common symptoms of endometriosis include: Chronic pelvic pain and severe menstrual cramps, heavy periods, deep pain during or after sex, pain when urinating or defecating and infertility. And secondary symptoms like bloating (often called “endo belly”), severe fatigue and mental health struggles (98% of patients report an impact on their mental wellbeing). It can also sometimes cause complications with fertility. It is frequently accompanied by adenomyosis, where this tissue grows into the muscular uterine wall. The 2026 report found that 32% of respondents had been diagnosed with both. Up to 40% of those with endometriosis are estimated to also have adenomyosis. If doctors only treat one, symptoms of endometriosis like pelvic pain and heavy periods often persist. The Culture of Dismissal ” GP told me pain was normal for women. I was told it was all in my head. I was told I was too young to have health problems. I was told it was psychosomatic and there was nothing there.” Perhaps the most heartbreaking stat is that 83% of patients were told by healthcare professionals that they were “making a fuss about nothing” or that their symptoms were “normal.” 50% went to A&E only to be sent home. 80% were put on the contraceptive pill before any investigation, effectively masking the signs of endometriosis and delaying surgical diagnosis. “I felt over the moon that I finally had a diagnosis so that teachers, family, and just anyone would actually take me seriously now.” For many, the dismissals were gendered or only corrected when a man was present: “Doctors only really took my pain seriously when I mentioned it having an impact on my male partner’s life… they only really listened when I started bringing him along to appointments.” The impact on living with endometriosis is not just physical; 98% say their mental health has suffered. One 21-year-old respondent shared: “My mental health was genuinely so bad, the only way out I thought was suicide… if my mum hadn’t paid privately, I don’t know if I’d have been able to live like this anymore.” The Gynaecology Waiting List: A Systemic Bottleneck Even if you clear the first hurdle of being taken seriously by a GP, the path to endometriosis treatment remains blocked by a massive, systemic backlog. For many, the “referral” is just the start of a new, years-long wait. “I was referred in April 2024 with a 67-week wait. By November 2025, I was still waiting, and the average wait had risen to 114 weeks.” — Patient Quote At the start of 2026, roughly 750,000 women are waiting for gynaecology care in England. Gynaecology has now become the largest specialty for those on waiting lists aged 18–64. The statistics are a stark reminder of the “secondary wait”: 32% of patients are waiting over a year after being referred to secondary care. 9% are waiting over two years after their referral. Despite the 10-Year Women’s Health Strategy, the reality on the ground hasn’t shifted. The NICE Guideline on Endometriosis (updated in 2024) and the Quality Standard (2018) were designed to ensure all healthcare practitioners suspect endometriosis immediately upon presentation. However, these standards have not been fully implemented in any UK nation. Without mandatory enforcement or a clear audit process, these guidelines remain “suggestions” rather than the rule. This lack of accountability is a primary driver of the worsening 9-year diagnosis time. This means that even with a supportive GP, […]

Uterine fibroids are benign, non-cancerous growths that develop in and around the uterus. They are incredibly common, with approximately two in three women developing a fibroid at some point in their lifetime. While many fibroids cause no issues, they are a major cause of debilitating heavy periods and pelvic pain. Understanding what drives their growth – primarily the female sex hormones – is the key to diagnosis and effective symptom management. This article outlines everything you need to know about Fibroid. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms and step towards a quicker diagnosis.  Quick Facts: What are Fibroids and Where Do They Grow? Fibroids can vary dramatically in size, from as small as a pea to as large as a melon, and you may have one or multiple growths. Their classification depends on their location within the uterine wall: Most people who develop fibroids are completely asymptomatic. However, about one in three will experience noticeable symptoms that impact their quality of life. The Main Symptoms of Fibroids The most common symptoms are related to the fibroid interfering with the uterus’s function or simply taking up space: 💡 Think you have one or more of these symptoms? Don’t ignore them!  Heavy periods can lead to anaemia and severe fatigue. If you are regularly soaking through a period product every 1–2 hours, it’s time to investigate the cause. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate your symptoms and the underlying hormonal factors. Hormonal Causes and Risk Factors The exact trigger for fibroid development is unknown, but they are highly sensitive to reproductive hormones, making it clear that they are a hormonally driven condition. Oestrogen and Progesterone Dependence Fibroids are known to grow in response to both oestrogen and progesterone throughout the reproductive years. The crucial link here is that the growth of fibroids is directly related to the hormonal environment of your body. Risk Factors and Ethnicity Certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing fibroids: Diagnosis and Management If you are suffering from heavy or painful periods, or any of the above symptoms, it is essential to seek medical advice. Diagnosis A definitive diagnosis relies on two steps: Hormone Testing’s Role Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. Treatment Options Treatment depends entirely on the size, location, and severity of your symptoms, as well as your family-forming goals (NHS, 2022). If you are struggling with your symptoms, you deserve a personalised care plan that explores all available options. 💡 Find out what your hormones are telling you Don’t suffer through heavy or painful periods. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the underlying hormonal factors and screen for complications like anaemia. References

Endometriosis is a chronic reproductive health condition that affects an estimated 1 in 10 women in the UK. It’s characterised by painful, heavy periods and a host of other debilitating symptoms that severely impact quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, many people live with endometriosis and diagnosis times are on average over 8 years. This delay is frequently due to a lack of awareness and the dismissal of women’s pain. Understanding the true nature of this condition is the first crucial step towards getting the expert care you deserve. This article outlines everything you need to know about Endometriosis. We’ll also explain how our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test can uncover the root causes of your symptoms and step towards a quicker diagnosis.  What is Endometriosis? Endometriosis occurs when cells similar to those lining the uterus (endometrium) grow in other parts of the body, outside of the uterus (Endometriosis UK, 2024). These endometrial-like lesions are most commonly found in the ovaries and fallopian tubes, but can also grow on the vagina, cervix, bowel, bladder, and other pelvic organs. Rarely, they may appear in other parts of the body. Just like the lining of the uterus, these ectopic cells build up and eventually shed in response to your hormones. But unlike a period, this blood and tissue has nowhere to go. This internal bleeding leads to inflammation, crippling pain, and a build-up of scar tissue and adhesions (tissue that can bind organs together). Endometriosis can affect women of any age. The Main Symptoms of Endometriosis Endometriosis is a systemic, whole-body disease. Not everyone will experience all symptoms, and the severity of pain doesn’t necessarily correlate with the stage of the disease. Pain and Menstruation Intense period and pelvic pain are often reported to be the most debilitating symptoms. This pain is frequently described as ‘a razor blade pain’. Heavy Bleeding Another common symptom is heavy periods (menorrhagia). Heavy periods are clinically defined as: Monthly heavy bleeding can lead to anaemia (iron deficiency), which results in secondary symptoms such as chronic fatigue, hair thinning, and constantly feeling cold. Bowel, Bladder, and Other Symptoms Endometrial lesions can cause symptoms that mimic other common conditions: 💡 Suspect endometriosis is the cause of your pain? Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test to investigate the link between your cycle and inflammatory conditions like endometriosis. Endometriosis and Hormones: The Oestrogen Link Endometriosis is fundamentally an oestrogen-dependent condition. This is the main hormonal driver for the initiation, growth, and maintenance of the lesions. Getting to a Diagnosis Diagnosing endometriosis is challenging, as the symptoms overlap with many other conditions (NHS, 2024). A definitive diagnosis typically requires surgery (laparoscopic keyhole surgery). However, hormonal and blood marker testing can be a vital first step on the road to a specialist referral and diagnosis. Testing a full panel of personalised hormones provides essential diagnostic data needed to find the root cause, tailored to your symptoms and concerns. If you are experiencing any of the debilitating symptoms listed,you don’t have to suffer in silence. It’s important to seek expert medical advice to clarify the cause. 💡 Take the first step toward getting answers Our team of specialists, including Private Gynaecologists, can offer you a tailored care plan to manage your endometriosis symptoms and explore treatment options. Take our Advanced At-Home Hormone and Fertility Test today. References

Thinking about egg freezing? Learn how it works, success rates, costs, and when to start preserving your fertility. Thinking about freezing your eggs? Whether you’re planning for the future or not ready to start a family just yet, egg freezing  is a powerful fertility preservation option. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about how to freeze your eggs, how to freeze your eggs, and what factors to consider, including age, success rates, and costs. What Is Egg Freezing and Why Do People Do It? Egg freezing, also known as oocyte cryopreservation, is a fertility preservation technique that allows you to save your eggs for future use. It’s becoming an increasingly popular option for those who want to keep their options open when it comes to having children later in life – but does it guarantee you’ll have a baby? Let’s explore the facts. People choose egg freezing for a variety of reasons, including: Planning to have children later in life Undergoing medical treatment that could affect fertility (e.g. chemotherapy) Personal or career goals Not having found the right partner yet We explore this further in Who should consider fertility preservation?  How does the Egg Freezing Process Work?  Step 1: Hormone Stimulation You’ll take fertility medications to stimulate your ovaries to produce multiple mature eggs in one cycle. During this time, you’ll attend regular scans and blood tests to monitor your response. Step 2: Egg Collection (Egg Retrieval) After ~10-14 days of stimulation, your eggs are collected in a short medical procedure under sedation. Once your eggs are ready, they’ll be collected via a minor surgical procedure under sedation. Most people recover within a day or two. Step 3: Freezing and Storage (Cryopreservation) Your eggs are frozen using a fast-freezing technique called vitrification, then stored safely in liquid nitrogen for potential use in the future. Can Freezing Your Eggs Guarantee a Baby? The short answer is no – freezing your eggs does not guarantee you’ll have a baby. It can increase your chances, especially if you freeze your eggs at a younger age, but several factors affect whether you’ll conceive and carry a baby successfully later in life. One major factor is your age at the time of freezing. Younger eggs tend to be healthier and more likely to result in a successful pregnancy. Freezing eggs in your twenties or early thirties typically leads to better outcomes than doing so in your late thirties or forties. Another key factor is the number of eggs you freeze. Not all eggs will survive the freezing and thawing process. Even if they do, not every egg will fertilise or become a healthy embryo. Your overall reproductive health at the time you want to use the eggs also matters. This includes the health of your uterus, your hormone levels, and any underlying fertility issues that may have developed over time. Success also depends on the quality of sperm used and the effectiveness of IVF when you’re ready to conceive. A partner’s or donor’s sperm must be healthy enough to fertilise the eggs, and the embryo must implant successfully in the uterus. When Is the Best Age to Freeze Eggs? If you’re asking, “When should I freeze my eggs?” the general recommendation from fertility experts is between you late 20s to mid 30s. During this window, egg quality and ovarian reserve are still relatively high, giving you the best chance of success later. But this isn’t a one-size-fits-all decision. Everyone’s fertility journey is different. Some people may choose to free their eggs earlier or later depending on their health, family history, a medical condition that could affect fertility, or plans to undergo treatments like chemotherapy. Others may freeze their eggs later due to career, relationship, or financial considerations.. While it’s still possible to freeze your eggs after 35, it’s important to know that success rates may decline as egg quality and reserve begin to drop with age. If you’re wondering when to start the process, the best first step is to book a fertility assessment. This typically includes hormone testing and an ultrasound to check your ovarian reserve. With this information, you can get a clearer picture of your fertility status and make an empowered decision about whether and when to freeze your eggs. You may also want to understand how ageing can affect fertility rates in women. How Many Eggs Should I Freeze to Have a Baby? There’s no magic number, but we can estimate based on age and clinical data. Based on research from studies like Goldman et al. (2017) and Doyle et al. (2016), we can estimate the number of mature eggs typically needed to have about a 70% chance of achieving one full-term pregnancy. These numbers are estimates based on aiming for one baby, so if you’re hoping to grow a bigger family, freezing more eggs may be necessary to maximise your chances. Note: These numbers aim for one full-term pregnancy. This estimation may vary depending on other factors. If the goal is more than one child, more eggs should be frozen. What Are the Egg Freezing Success Rates? If you’re thinking about freezing your eggs, one of the most important things to understand is your chance of having a baby later on. While there’s no guaranteed number of eggs that will result in a full-term pregnancy, we can give a reliable estimate based on several factors especially your age at the time of freezing. Success with frozen eggs depends on four key steps: egg survival after thawing, fertilisation, embryo development, and successful implantation. Let’s break it down. Age at the Time of Freezing Matters Most Age is the single biggest factor influencing the quality and quantity of eggs. Younger eggs tend to be healthier and have a much higher chance of leading to a successful pregnancy. How Well Do Eggs Survive Freezing and Thawing? Thanks to modern vitrification techniques, between 90–95% of mature eggs survive the thawing process. That’s a big leap from older […]

When you’re planning to conceive, there’s a lot on your mind—from diet and lifestyle to managing stress and preparing your body for the changes ahead. But one area that often gets overlooked in this journey is your skin health. As a dermatologist, I frequently meet women who are trying to conceive, whether naturally or through assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, and they’re often unsure about which skincare products are safe to use or how to handle the skin changes that come with fluctuating hormone levels. Let’s explore how to optimise your skin health when trying to conceive, what to watch out for in your skincare routine, and why consulting a dermatologist might be a wise move during this time. Understanding Hormonal Changes and Skin Impact Hormones have a significant impact on skin health, and this becomes even more pronounced when you’re trying to conceive. The body undergoes various hormonal shifts even before pregnancy begins, which can lead to skin concerns such as acne, dryness, sensitivity, and pigmentation changes. When you stop hormonal contraception in preparation for pregnancy, your skin may react to the sudden shift in hormones. Research shows that oestrogen and progesterone levels, which help regulate the menstrual cycle and are key in pregnancy, can influence the skin’s oil production, hydration levels, and overall texture. Additionally, if you’re undergoing IVF or preparing for embryo transfer, the high doses of hormones involved can cause further changes. These hormones can stimulate oil glands, leading to an increase in acne, or exacerbate conditions like melasma (dark patches on the skin) due to increased melanin production. Common Skin Concerns When Trying to Conceive As you navigate the journey to conception, whether naturally or through IVF, you might notice changes in your skin. Here are some common skin concerns during this time: Oily skin, acne, and breakouts: Hormonal fluctuations often lead to increased sebum (oil) production, which can clog pores and cause acne. This can be particularly pronounced after stopping birth control or during fertility treatments when hormone levels are artificially manipulated. Increased sensitivity and redness: Hormonal changes can make the skin more sensitive and prone to redness, dryness, or irritation. This is especially true if you have a history of sensitive skin or conditions like rosacea or eczema. Pigmentation changes: An increase in melanocyte-stimulating hormones can cause dark patches or melasma in pregnancy. This can also be seen in women undergoing IVF due to the high levels of hormones used in the process. Dryness and dehydration: Hormonal shifts can also affect the skin’s ability to retain moisture, leading to dryness or flakiness. Keeping the skin well-hydrated and maintaining a strong skin barrier is essential during this time. Navigating Skincare Confusion: What’s Safe When Trying to Conceive? When you’re trying to conceive, whether naturally or through IVF, you might find yourself wondering which skincare products are safe to use. The skincare landscape can be confusing, with countless products on the market and mixed messages about what is safe during conception and pregnancy. Here’s a guide to help you navigate this tricky terrain: Avoid certain ingredients: Some skincare ingredients are best avoided during conception and pregnancy due to potential risks to the developing baby. Retinoids (often found in anti-ageing products), high concentrations of salicylic acid, and other exfoliating acids can fall into this category.  Emphasise hydration and skin barrier support: Ingredients that support hydration and the skin barrier are your best friends. Look for products containing hyaluronic acid to retain moisture, ceramides to strengthen the skin’s barrier, and niacinamide to soothe irritation and reduce sensitivity. Choose Safe Sun Protection: Protecting your skin from UV damage is always important, but it becomes even more crucial when trying to conceive, especially if you’re prone to pigmentation changes. Opt for high factor broad-spectrum sunscreen with blue light protection to reduce the risk of pigmentation. Consider mild active ingredients: Consider azelaic acid, which is both effective in managing acne and pigmentation and safe for use when trying to conceive. It is an anti-inflammatory rather than an exfoliating acid and can also help with redness. Preventative Acne Treatments: The Role of Laser For women prone to acne, especially those who experience breakouts after stopping hormonal contraception or undergoing fertility treatments, taking preventative measures can be highly beneficial. One innovative treatment to consider is a drug-free, non-invasive laser therapy that targets sebaceous glands to reduce oil production and prevent acne. It offers a preventative approach without the need for systemic medications, which may be restricted when trying to conceive or during pregnancy. By reducing oil production, the laser  can help maintain clearer skin during a time when treatment options are more limited due to safety concerns. It’s a great option to discuss with your consultant dermatologist, particularly if you’re seeking ways to manage acne without relying on potentially harmful medications. Adapting Skincare During IVF and Embryo Transfer If you’re undergoing IVF or preparing for an embryo transfer, your skin is likely to undergo additional changes due to the high levels of hormones administered during treatment. These hormones can exacerbate acne, increase pigmentation issues like melasma, and make your skin more sensitive or reactive. In such cases, a tailored skincare routine that addresses these specific concerns is essential. Working with a dermatologist can help you develop a plan that suits your skin’s needs while being mindful of the changes brought on by fertility treatments. They can recommend safe, effective products and treatments, such as laser treatment, to help manage skin concerns during this time. Supporting Skin Health Through Lifestyle Optimising skin health isn’t just about topical skincare—it’s also about making healthy lifestyle choices that support your body from within. Here are a few tips to help support your skin health while trying to conceive: Nutrition: Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants supports both your overall health and your skin. Focus on foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and flaxseeds, which help maintain the skin barrier, and plenty of fruits and vegetables for antioxidants. Manage stress: Stress can trigger skin issues, particularly during the emotionally taxing […]

As a consultant dermatologist, I’ve seen many women come through my clinic doors frustrated by stubborn acne that doesn’t seem to respond to any treatment. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Acne can be a visible and sometimes painful marker of an underlying condition called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Understanding the connection between acne and PCOS is crucial, not just for the health of your skin but for your overall well being Why Should You Consider PCOS if You Have Acne? Acne is often thought of as a teenage problem, something that magically disappears with age. But for many people, particularly those with PCOS, acne can persist into adulthood and become a significant concern. PCOS is a hormonal condition that affects up to 10% of women and people assigned female at birth and is often characterised by elevated levels of androgens like testosterone– hormones that can lead to increased oil production in the skin, causing clogged pores and, subsequently, acne. But it’s not just any acne we’re talking about. Women with PCOS often experience more persistent and inflammatory acne that tends to appear along the lower third of the face, jawline, and upper neck. This is because of the hormonal imbalance that’s driving excess oil production. So, if you find yourself struggling with acne in these areas and have tried countless treatments without success, it might be time to think beyond the skincare aisle and look a little deeper. What Are the Signs That PCOS Could Be Affecting Your Skin? When we talk about PCOS and acne, it’s essential to consider the bigger picture. PCOS is not just about your skin; it can impact various aspects of your health. So, when should you start thinking about getting screened for PCOS? Here are a few signs that might suggest PCOS could be contributing to your acne: If you’re noticing any of these symptoms alongside your acne, it’s worth discussing them with your doctor. Why Early Diagnosis and Treatment is Key If you’ve been diagnosed with PCOS, it can feel like a lot to take in. But remember, getting an early diagnosis is a positive step. Why? Because it allows you to take control of your health and manage the condition effectively. PCOS doesn’t just affect your skin; it’s a systemic condition that can have long-term health implications, including an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, mental health issues and other metabolic issues. It can also impact fertility and increase the risk of complications during pregnancy. By diagnosing PCOS early, you can work with your healthcare provider to develop a management plan tailored to your needs. This might include lifestyle changes, like a balanced diet and regular exercise, which are crucial in managing weight and improving insulin sensitivity – both key factors in PCOS. Medications may also be prescribed to help regulate your menstrual cycle, manage acne, or reduce excess hair growth. Treating Acne in PCOS: What Works? When it comes to managing acne in the context of PCOS, it’s not just about what you put on your skin – it’s also about addressing the hormonal imbalance driving it. Here are some treatment options that might be recommended: Lifestyle Changes: Small Steps, Big Impact Don’t underestimate the power of lifestyle changes when managing PCOS and its symptoms. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity can significantly impact hormone levels and insulin sensitivity, improving both your skin and overall health. Focus on whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, and try to reduce your intake of sugar and processed foods. Staying hydrated and getting plenty of sleep can also make a difference. In addition to lifestyle changes, a consistent and gentle skincare routine can help manage acne. Opt for non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) products and avoid harsh scrubs or overly drying treatments that can irritate the skin further. Take Charge of Your Health Remember, PCOS is a manageable condition. With the right care and support, you can control its impact on your life. Getting screened is the first step towards understanding your body better and finding a treatment plan that works for you.PCOS and acne don’t have to define you. With early screening and proper management, you can take control of your skin and health and feel more confident in your body. The journey might seem daunting, but with the right information and a proactive approach, you can find a way forward that brings clarity and comfort to both your skin and your overall well being Inspiring skin confidence with Hertility and Self London Hertility and Self London are collaborating to give you absolute clarity into what’s going on inside your body and inspire skin confidence. We’re working with patients to uncover how hormones impact not only our reproductive health but also our skin’s natural glow.Discover the partnership

This comprehensive guide will serve as your go-to resource for female fertility tests, providing detailed information about different types of fertility testing, and everything you need to know to take control of your reproductive health, wherever you are in your fertility journey. Quick facts: Fertility testing in the UK If you’re planning a family, now or in the future, checking your fertility can offer you insights and peace of mind.  In this article, we’ll cover where you can get female fertility tests done and when you would be eligible, including fertility tests on the NHS, fertility tests at home, and fertility tests online. We’ll also explain how fertility tests are carried out, whether they’re painful, and information about blood tests. We’ll delve into the hormones and individual tests so you know exactly how the tests work, what exactly they’re testing for, and what your fertility test results mean for you. You can get answers to your fertility testing questions including: Understanding fertility in women Let’s start with the foundations of female fertility and the biological processes that govern your reproductive system. Your fertility is influenced by various factors, both physiological and environmental. Understanding what goes on inside, and how your fertility works, helps you gain a deeper understanding of fertility testing. The menstrual cycle The foundation of fertility lies in your menstrual cycle—a recurring roughly 28-day cycle that’s regulated by your hormones. A normal menstrual cycle can last between 25-31 days. The cycle consists of phases, including menstruation (when you get your period), the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase. Within different phases of your menstrual cycle, different things are happening in your body, all orchestrated by your hormones. Each phase has its superpowers, but for fertility, the most important phase is ovulation. Ovulation Ovulation is when a mature egg is released from the ovary making it available for fertilisation (the first step of conception and pregnancy). Ovulation typically happens around the middle of the menstrual cycle (around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, but it might be later or earlier depending on your cycle length) and is an important moment in the fertility timeline. The egg travels down the fallopian tube where it awaits potential fertilisation by sperm. If you’re not ovulating, this could impact your fertility potential. Issues with ovulation accounts for 40% of female infertility. Fertilisation and implantation Fertilisation occurs when sperm successfully penetrates the egg. If it does fertilise it, the fertilised egg is called a zygote. The zygote travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus where its goal is to successfully attach itself to the uterine wall lining (implantation). From there, it grows and develops into a baby. Hormone regulation Hormones play a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and fertility. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) released from the pituitary gland in your brain, along with oestrogen and progesterone from the ovaries, regulate the various phases of the cycle. Each hormone has a specific role to play. A big part of female fertility testing is testing your hormones to offer insights into your fertility. Ovarian reserve Your ovarian reserve refers to the quantity of eggs you have remaining. It gradually declines with age, particularly after the age of 35. Assessing ovarian reserve provides insights into a woman’s fertility. Age, and therefore, declining ovarian reserve, is the most common reason for infertility. Cervical mucus and reproductive environment The consistency of cervical mucus changes throughout the menstrual cycle. Just before ovulation, and during ovulation, your cervical mucus becomes slippery and water like to help the sperm travel through the fallopian tube to meet the egg, for the egg to become fertilised. If fertilisation is successful, the next stage towards healthy pregnancy is implantation (when the fertilised egg successfully attaches to the uterus wall lining). For implantation to be successful, the uterine lining has to be thick enough. If implantation doesn’t occur, the uterine (womb) wall lining sheds resulting in a period (and no pregnancy). External factors Lifestyle factors such as nutrition, sleep and overall health can impact fertility. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for optimising reproductive function. Why and when to check your fertility There are various reasons why and optimal times you’d want to check your fertility from age-related concerns to family planning and if you’ve been trying to conceive without success. Family planning If you want to get pregnant or are planning a future pregnancy, checking your fertility from the get-go could be beneficial. Getting a fertility test at the start of your journey can help to start your journey from a place of knowledge and understanding. Some individuals and couples wait until the 3-month, 6-month, or 12-month mark trying to conceive without success before pursuing a fertility test. To get a fertility test on the NHS, you have to have been trying for a year without success. You can, however, check your fertility from the comfort of your own home at any point in your fertility journey. The earlier you know, the better, since fertility declines with age. Age-related concerns Concerns about age-related fertility decline might prompt you to check your fertility to assess your ovarian reserve and fertility potential, especially if you’re considering delaying conception until later in life. This might be the case if you’re in your 30s but don’t want a baby yet. Women are born with all the eggs they’ll ever have (the ovarian reserve), and as you age, you gradually lose eggs every menstrual cycle. Your naturally declining ovarian reserve is the leading cause of infertility. In your 20s and early 30s, you are considered at your most fertile age. After the age of 35, fertility can decrease significantly. This prompts many to take a fertility test whether it’s out of curiosity or wanting to plan for the future. Age is one of the most important factors when it comes to your fertility. If you plan on delaying having a baby until later in life, having a fertility test to check your ovarian […]